Science Biology

• the organs and structures in your body that allow you to breathe

  Respiratory System
• nose

  nostrils

  nasal passages

  pharynx

  trachea

  bronchi

  bronchioles

  alveoli


  arrangement of respiratory system
• used to circulate and pump blood ; used to transport nutrients all over the body

  Circulatory System
• parts of the circulatory system

  
  

  heart -pumps the blood

  blood -carries nutrients in the body

  blood vessels: Arteries -carries blood away from the heart

  Veins -carries blood towards the heart

  Capillaries -cleanse the blood
• pulmonary - to the lungs from the heart, and back to the heart

  coronary- through the tissues of the heart

  systematic- from the heart to the rest of the body excluding the lungs 


  3 types of blood circulation
• identical alleles


  homozygous
• unlike alleles


  heterozygous
• genes


  the carries of traits
• the father of genetics

  gregor mendel
• pair of genes 


  alleles
• genotype 


  internal composition of traits
• phenotype 


  external appearance
• incomplete dominance


  combination of dominance and recessive traits; a new trait is formed
• co-dominance 


  both parents are dominant for a certain trait; are fully expressed to their offspring
• blood types


  genetic characteristics associated with the presence or absence of the certain molecules called antigens
• chromosomes 


  found inside the nucleus of the cell; contains 23 pairs of chromosomes; made up of proteins and DNA(Deoxyribonucleic Acid) organized into genes
• 2 type of chromosomes

  autosomes -called as body chromosomes 22 pairs or 44 autosomes

  sex chromosomes -determine the sexuality of an individual 1pairs/23pairs or 2 sex chromosomes/46 chromosomes
• 2 types of sex chromosomes

  x -sex chromosomes

  y -sex chromosomes
• genetics 


  branch of biology that studies heredity in organisms
• heredity


  called inheritance or biological inheritance; passing on their traits on their offsprings
• traits


  specific characteristic of an individual
• the father of blood types 


  karl landsteiner
• multiple alleles 


  are gene alternatives such as the ABO blood type
• human chromosomes 


  thread like structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell
• sex linked trait


  pertain to the certain trait that occur in the sex chromosomes
• X-linked gene


  occur in the X-sex chromosome; Example: color blindness(cannot distinguish a right color of an object)
• Y-linked gene


  occur in the Y-sex chromosome only male individual is affected with this trait; Example: Hypentrichosispinnae auris (by having hairy ears)
• blood type AB


  universal recipient
• blood type O


  universal donor
• nucleotide 


  the building block of a DNA
• nervous system 


  receives and relays information throughout the system of cells, tissues, and organs that regulates the body's responses to internal and external stimuli.
• major divisions of the nervous system

  central nervous system

  peripheral nervous system
• central nervous system 


  serve as the main processing center for the entire nervous system
• peripheral nervous system


  connect the central nervous system to the organs and limbs
• 2 main parts of {CNS}

  brain - an organ that located within the skull that functions as organizer and distributor of information for the body

  spinal cord - serve as the channel for signals between the brain and the rest of the body also control simple musculoskeletal reflexes
• 2 main parts of {CNS}

  brain - an organ that located within the skull that functions as organizer and distributor of information for the body

  spinal cord - serve as the channel for signals between the brain and the rest of the body also control simple musculoskeletal reflexes
• cerebrum - large upper part of the brain that controls activity and thought

  cerebellum - the part under the cerebrum that controls posture, balance, and coordination

  brain stem - the part that connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls automatic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart rate, and blood pressure
• what are the 3 main parts of the brain

  cerebrum cerebellum brain stem
• somatic nervous system - associated with the voluntary control of body movements

  automatic nervous system - associated with the involuntary control of body movements
• Peripheral Nervous System


  Connects the central nervous system to the limbs.