CZZ101 revision baby pt.2

• MSH stimulates production of melanin in melonocytes
• T3 and T4 hormone stimulate endocrine tissue, enhance oxygen delivery to cells, increase heart rate and blood pressure, accelerate the turnover of minerals in bone, increase sensitivity of tissue and sympathetic nerve stimulation
• Both T3 and T4 enhance metabolic rate and influence energy
• adrenocorticotrophic stimulates the adrenal gland
• prolactin stimulates production of milk in the female mammary glands, following childbirth
• non trophic hormones - melanocytes (stimulation hormone), prolactin, growth hormone
• Thyroid stimulation hormone - stimulates thyroid glands to release hormones
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates release of hormones from the context of the adrenal glands
• FSH and LH stimulate male gonads and female gonads and have additional effects on target tissue. stimulation of egg and sperm production and release of egg
• LH is lutenising hormones
• FSH is follicle stimulation hormone
• the anterior pituitary gland is composed of glandular tissue which releases seven hormones; trophic hormones which act as a hormonal stimulus and may have specific functions
• ADH is released by the posterior pituitary gland and stimulates the kidneys to excrete more water
• ADH in a fluid and electrolyte balance by targeting special tubule cells in the kidneys to inhibit diuresis which is the release of water from the body
• the hypophyseal portal system and the hypophyseal tract are both located in the infundibulum
• oxytocin function; in childbirth the pressure of the fetus's head on receptors in the cervix is stimulus for oxytocin to stimulate contractions of the smooth uterine muscle
• three types of stimuli affect endocrine organs; humoral, neuronal, hormonal
• A leaky ion channel opens and closes randomly
• The hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland are connected by the hypophyseal gland.
• The pineal glands are found in the diencephalon and release melatonin which assists with the sleep and wake cycle
• The thyroid gland secretes T3 and T4
• TSH is a thyroid stimulating hormone, which is a type of trophic hormone.
• RPG (random plasma glucose test) which takes a random glucose sample
• T3 and T4 stimulate endocrine tissue, enhance oxygen delivery to cells, increase heart rate and blood pressure
• The posterior pituitary contains oxytocin and ADH
• Gonad hormones coordinate reproductive activities
• the parathyroid gland maintains calcium homeostasis
• Prolactin produces milk in the mammary gland after child birth
• The alpha islets release glucagon
• the beta islets release insulin
• tropic hormones include LH, FSH, ACTH and TSH
• Negative feedback is when blood glucose levels are increased to above the homeostatic range, the pancreas is stimulated to release insulin. Insulin stimulates cellular uptake of glucose and the blood glucose levels decrease to homeostatic level, the pancreas no longer stimulates insulin
• An example of positive feedback is when; a baby suckles the nipple of a mother, this stimulates stretch receptors. The hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland are stimulated. The oxytocin stimulates milk secretion from the mammary gland (oxytocin is stimulated through the suckling of nipple). the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary continue to be stimulated until the baby stops suckling (stimulus is lost)
• hormone levels are regulated according to the body's requirements. the regulation occurs through feedback mechanisms (positive and negative)
• cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus include; polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria
• the adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine which accentuate sympathetic nervous system activity
• The B-lymphocytes main role is antibody-secretion
• clot retraction, is a contractile response which strengths clots to prevent blood loss
• Rh- recipients can only recieve blood type Rh-
• RH+ recipients can recieve both Rh- and Rh+