Science 11 entry exam

• According to the theory, the earth's continents and ocean beds were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangea
• Lithosphere


  The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of crust and upper mantle
• Continental crust


  The relatively thicker part of the earth's crust consisting the land masses
• Oceanic crust


  The relatively thin part of the earth's crust which underlies the ocean basins
• Continental Drift


  A scientific concept proposing the movement of large landmasses or continents across the Earth's surface over millions of years
• Alfred Wegener


  A German geophysicist who proposed the theory of Continental Drift
• Asthenosphere

  • the plastic layer below the lithosphere
• Crust

  • upper most layer of the earth
• Geologic Events - give us rise to serval geologic features
• Plate Tectonic

  • it is the theory of moving lithospheric plates
  • it explains the relationships between volcanisin earthquakes and mountain formation
• Earthquake

  • is the vibration of the earth due to the rapid release of energy
• Epicenter

  • the point where the earth’s surface directly avove a hypocenter or focus
• Focus

  • is the point where the earthquake originates
• Seismic Station

  • a station of recording oscillations of the earth caused by eartquakes
• Seismograph

  • a device use to measure and record vibrations within the earth and of the ground
• Primary P wave

  • the first type of seismic wave to be recorded in a seismic station
• Lagtime

  • the difference between the arrival time of p wave and s wave
• Secondary S wave

  • is a second type of seismic wave to be recorded in a seismic station
• Triangulation

  • is a way of determing something’s location using the locations of other things
• Seismogram

  • is a graph output by a seismograph
• Convection Current

  • Heated Mantle material is shown rising from deep inside the mantle while cooler mantle material sinks
• Ridge Push

  • forces cause two plate to pull apart on the surface
  • the lithosphere rocks slides away from the ridge
• Slab Pull - The force that pulls the oceanic plate towards the mantle
• Seismologist use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake
• Divergent Boundary

  • plates move away from eachother
• Convergent Boundary

  • plates move towards eachother
• • Transform Boundary - A boundary that is formed by the intersection of two or more planes.
• Mantle Convection Currents - Heat generated at the core causes hot material to rise through the mantle, while cooler material sinks back down.
• Radio Waves

  • have the longest wavelengths and less frequencies in electromangnetic spectrum
  • purpose is to transmit sound and picture by making electricity oscilliate in an areal or antenna
• Microwaves

  • they have very short wavelength their purpose is by using them in satelite communications because they can penetrate ionosphere
• Infrared Waves

  • these are the waves that lie in the reigon beyond end of visible spectrum their wavelength is too long to be visibe by the naked eye their purpose is transmitting heat
• Visible light

  • in 700 C the shortest waves present can be detected by the eye this is when light passes through a prisim it is seperated in different colors
• Ultraviolet Waves

  • Uv waves are the invisible radiation that lie beyond the violet end of visible spectrum. the sun is our main source of uv light
• X-Rays

  • have short wavelengths and high frequencies and are very penatrating. They are produced by the rapid acceleration of electrons in machines that collide with atoms
• Gamma Rays

  • Gamma rays are high energy waves produced from nuclear reactions. They have shorter wavelengths than x-rays and most penatrating
• Mirror

  • is a smooth reflecting surface usually made of metal or glass that has been coated with metalic substances
• Reflection

  • is the bouncing off the light rays when it hits a surface like a plane mirror
• Concave Mirror

  • it is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges away from the light source
• Convex mirror

  • it is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges towards the light source
• Hormone

  • A chemical substance produced in the body that controlls and regulates the activity of a certain cells or organs