The demand for sleep chap 7

• Conscious: the awareness of your own internal mental processes, including your thoughts, feeling, sensations and perceptions, and your awareness of the external world around you
• Psychological construct: a concept that cannot be objectively observed or measured directly through the collection of data, but is widely understood to exist
• Normal waking conscious: a state associated with being aware of our internal and external environments
• Altered state of consciousness: any state that differs in awareness when compared to normal waking consciousness
• Naturally occurring altered state of consciousness: an altered state of consciousness that occurs without any external influence
• Induced altered state of consciousness: an altered state of consciousness that has been brought about on purpose
• Sleep: a naturally occurring and reversible altered state of consciousness, characterised by a reduction in awareness and responsiveness to external surroundings
• Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep: a type of sleep characterised by a progressive decline in physiological activity
• Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep: a type of sleep characterised by quick darting of the eyes behind closed eyelids and an increase in physiological activity
• Hypnogram: a line graph that represents the stages of sleep plotted against time
• Polysomnography: a multi-parameter sleep study used as a diagnostic tool in sleep medicine
• Electro-encephalography (EEG): a technique that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the brain
• Electro-oculography (EOG): a technique that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the muscles controlling the eyes
• Sleep diary: a subjective self-report tool used by a person to track their own sleep and wake patterns
• Video monitoring: a sleep tool used to collect qualitative visual and audio information about a persons sleep
• Circadian rhythm: biological processes that coordinate the timing of body activities over a 24-hour period
• Ultradian rhythm: biological processes that coordinate the timing of body activities over a period of less than 24-hours
• suprachiasmatic nucleus: a master body clock in the hypothalamus that regulates body activities to a daily schedule of sleep and wakefulness
• Zeitgeber: an environmental cue such as light, temperature and eating patterns that can synchronise and regulate the body’s circadian rhythm
• Melatonin: a hormone that induces drowsiness and decreases cell activity
• Recommended amount of REM sleep decreases as age increase
• recommended amount of NREM sleep increases as age increases