Ethniticy - external

• Trends

  • White and Asian perform better than Black
  • Indian better than Pakistani and Bangladeshi people
  • Chinese are the top
  • Gender and class also important (intersectionality)
• Murray

  Black have low IQ

  however, Swann Report - once environment and bias removed , not the case
• Palmer


  50% ethnic minority live in low income households

  2x more likely unemployed

  3x more likely homeless
• Material deprivation


  Lack language skills, foreign qualifications not recognised, racism in labour, substandard accomodation
• Noon


  Job application; ”Evan’s” and “Patel”

  Evans got more interviews and replies (minority = low pay)

  -ve affect on children’s education
• Cultural deprivation


  Language skills, attitudes and values, family structure and parental support
• Moyniham


  Black lone parent families, deprived of care, struggle financially in fathers absence, lack male role model
• Murray


  High rate of lone parent leads to underachievement
• Sewell


  Socialisation and attitude differences lead to underachieve
• Lupton


  Low levels of behaviour and discipline in white wc schools despite few free meals

  Blamed on low levels of support and -ve attitudes to education