Pressure group method ls

• Lobbying

  Persuasion through direct contact with important decision makers, policy makers and legislators. Sometimes professional lobby organisations may be used. It is used largely by insider groups.
• Lobbying

  • The National Farmers' Union (NFU), British Bankers Association (BBA) and Confederation of British Industry (CBI) lobby MPs. Age UK lobbies MPs on behalf of pensioners.
• Public campaigning

  Large-scale demonstrations of support for an issue or a group. It is designed to mobilise public opinion and to show the level of support to decision makers.
• Public campaigning

  • Pro-remain demonstrations (organised by People's vote) and pro-leave demonstrations following the EU referendum.
• Donations to political parties

  Legal as long as they are declared. Typically used by large corporations, employer organisations or trade unions.
• Donations to political parties

  • The Conservative Party received £11 million from property developers in Boris Johnson's first year as prime minister.
• Media campaigns

  Often feature celebrities and mobilise public support.
• Media campaigns

  • The 2020 campaign to continue free school meals over the summer holidays (Marcus Rashford) and efforts to reduce the stigma for those suffering from poor mental health (Princes William and Harry).
• Civil disobedience

  Illegal methods used when other methods have failed. Includes blocking roads and bridges, invading runways, chaining to railings, and defacing valuable works of art.
• Civil disobedience

  • Extinction Rebellion, Plane Stupid, the suffragettes.
• Social media and e-petitions

  Used to raise awareness, gain support, organise local action, and collect signatures for petitions.
• Social media and e-petitions

  • The successful campaign to scrap the tampon tax, the e-petition to accept more Syrian refugees in 2015 which received 460,000 signatures.
• Legal action

  Judicial reviews aim to prevent discrimination and preserve public services.
• Legal action

  • The Save Lewisham Hospital Campaign won a legal battle in 2013. The civil liberties organisation Liberty won a case against police use of facial recognition technology in August 2020.