King Charles 1st

• Charles 1st was married to a French Roman Catholic, Henrietta Maria. William Laud, one of Charles's advisers, introduced unpopular Scotland

  ideas such as burning incense and candles during church to both religion and services. These were seen as Catholic practices at a time when England was Protestant.

  In 1637, Charles tried to enforce a new prayer book in Scotland.

  Most Members of Parliament were Puritan (strict Protestants),

  and disapproved of Charles's Catholic connections.
• Charles was often seen as arrogant. He strongly believed in the

  Divine Right of Kings, which meant God had chosen him to be

  King and no one could question that choice.

  Charles ruled without Parliament between 1629 and 1640. This

  is known as the eleven years of tyranny.

  Charles used the private Court of the Star Chamber to ruthlessly

  punish his opponents, and fine people when he was short of money. In 1642, Charles attempted to arrest five Members of

  Parliament, including Oliver Cromwell, on charge of treason when they refused to give in to his demands.
• Charles was known for his extravagant, expensive lifestyle,

  which often left him needing more money.

  In 1635, he extended Ship Tax, previously only paid in coastal

  areas, to the whole country.

  He fought two expensive and unsuccessful wars, with Spain in

  1625 and France in 1627.

  After the Scots rebelled in 1640, he was forced to ask

  Parliament for more money to be able to fight another war.
• Where was Charles 1st executed?

  Whitehall, on scaffolding. He was beheaded.
• What was the eleven years of tyranny?

  the period in England from 1629 to 1640 when King Charles I ruled as an monarch without recourse to Parliament.
• August 1642 War

  breaks out.

  October 1642 Battle of

  Edgehill.

  July 1644 Battle of

  Marston Moor.

  June 1645 Battle of

  Naseby.

  January 1647 Charles is

  given to Parliament.

  November 1647 Charles

  escapes.

  August 1648 Charles is

  recaptured.

  January 1649 Charles is

  executed.
• Charles | became King in 1625.
• There were many causes of the English Civil Wars which

  occurred between 1642 and 1648.
• Who did the Cavaliers support?

  King Charles I
• Who did the Round heads support?

  Parliament
• Name an unpopular adviser to Charles I.

  William Laud