Physics

• What is the first step in energy transfer at a power station?

  Chemical energy to heat energy
• What is the energy loss in the form of heat from the boiler?

  20 J
• What happens to energy in a closed system according to the Law of Conservation of Energy?

  The total amount of energy stays the same
• How can different forms of energy change into each other?

  • When you ride a bike, your legs convert chemical energy into kinetic energy
  • Other examples of energy transformations:
  • Potential energy into kinetic energy (e.g. raised ball falling)
  • Chemical energy into heat energy (e.g. friction)
  • Electrical energy into light energy (e.g. light bulb)
• What is the advantage of energy-efficient bulbs over incandescent bulbs?

  They convert more electrical energy into light energy
• What is sound energy?

  Energy that allows us to hear sounds from music or talking
• How does the function of the turbine differ from the generator in the power plant system?

  The turbine converts the kinetic energy of steam into rotational motion, while the generator converts this rotational motion into electrical energy
• What do dams use to generate electricity?

  Moving water
• What are energy transfers?

  Energy moves from one object to another
• What is the final energy transformation in a power station?

  Kinetic energy to electrical energy
• What role does friction play in energy transformation on a rollercoaster?

  Friction turns some energy into heat
• What are the characteristics of open and closed systems regarding energy?

  Open systems:

  • Allow energy to enter and leave
  • Examples: Battery, Engine

  
  

  Closed systems:

  • Keep energy within, transforming it between different forms but not losing any
  • Examples: Thermos, Ideal Reaction
• How do hybrid cars reduce fuel consumption?

  By using kinetic energy to charge the battery
• How is energy described metaphorically in the text?

  • Like a special kind of magic
  • A fuel that powers everything
  • A never-ending magic show
• What type of energy does a rollercoaster have at the top?

  Potential energy
• What do solar panels use to make electricity?

  The sun's light energy
• How do hybrid cars charge their batteries?

  Using energy from braking
• What is energy compared to in the text?

  A special kind of magic
• What happens to energy when you eat food?

  It changes into a different kind of energy
• What principle is used to solve energy problems?

  Conservation of Energy Principle
• How does your body use energy from food?

  To help you run and play
• What type of energy do bicycles transform when riding?

  Chemical energy from food into kinetic energy
• What is the process to solve energy-related physics problems?

  1. Identify initial and final energy forms
  2. Use kinetic and potential energy formulas
  3. Apply conservation: initial energy = final energy
• What is the first step in solving energy problems?

  Identify initial and final energy forms
• How does understanding the difference between open and closed systems help apply the Law of Conservation of Energy?

  It helps apply the law correctly by recognizing that open systems can gain or lose energy, while closed systems conserve energy
• What type of energy is associated with light?

  Light energy
• What is the formula for kinetic energy?

  $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$
• What is the formula for potential energy?

  $mgh$
• What does energy do in the context of a toy car?

  It powers the car to move
• What is the difference between an open system and a closed system regarding energy?

  Open systems allow energy to enter and leave, while closed systems keep energy within and transform it between different forms but do not lose any
• What happens to potential energy as the rollercoaster goes down?

  It converts to kinetic energy
• Why is a battery considered an open system?

  Because a battery receives energy when charged and releases energy when powering a device
• What type of energy is produced as heat?


  Heat energy
• Why is a thermos considered a closed system?

  Because a thermos preserves the heat energy inside and does not allow energy to enter or leave
• What does the Conservation of Energy Principle state?

  Energy can transform but not be created or destroyed
• What does applying conservation of energy mean in this context?

  Initial energy equals final energy
• What is the formula to calculate the area of a circle?

  $A =$$\pi r^2$
• What type of energy do hydroelectric dams transform?

  Potential energy of water into kinetic energy
• What is kinetic energy?

  Energy of motion