theme 1: By appointing supportive Special Advisers (SPADs), the PM creates an echo chamber, where their views go unchallenged. The UK’s uncodified constitution, which lacks defined prime ministerial powers, allows the PM to shape their role freely—much like Donald Trump’s attempt to appoint Matt Gaetz as Attorney General, despite his controversial background.
Under Blair, cabinet meetings were marginalised to 30-minute briefings, with real decisions made between the PM, the Chancellor, and a select circle of advisers. This trend continued under Johnson, with Dominic Cummings taking a central role in the Covid response, often sidelining ministers.
Such practices allow unelected, unaccountable figures to wield significant power, replicating the PM’s views rather than offering genuine scrutiny. This shift undermines collective Cabinet government, fostering a culture of unchallenged, unilateral decision-making.