Required practicals

• Measure the density of an irregular object


  To measure a statues density you would weigh the statue and then put it in a displacement can. Then measure the water that comes out. Then find the density by deviding the mass by the volume.
• Method to measure specific heat capacity


  Place the immersion heater into the central hole at the top of the block.

  Place the thermometer into the smaller hole and put a couple of drops of oil into the hole to make sure the thermometer is surrounded by hot material.

  Fully insulate the block by wrapping it loosely with cotton wool.

  Record the temperature of the block.

  Connect the heater to the power supply and turn it off after ten minutes.

  After ten minutes the temperature will still rise even though the heater has been turned off and then it will begin to cool. Record the highest temperature that it reaches and calculate the temperature rise during the experiment.
• density of an irregular object practical method


  Place the stone on the top pan balance and measure its mass.

  Fill the displacement can until the water is level with the bottom of the pipe.

  Place a measuring cylinder under the pipe ready to collect the displaced water.

  Carefully drop the stone into the can and wait until no more water runs into the cylinder.

  Measure the volume of the displaced water.

  Use the measurements to calculate the density of the stone.
• Investigating Current practical


  Connect the circuit as shown in the first diagram.

  Ensure that the power supply is set to zero at the start.

  Record the reading on the

  voltmeter

  and

  ammeter

  .

  Use the

  variable resistor

  to alter the potential difference.

  Record the new readings on the voltmeter and ammeter.

  Repeat steps three to four, each time increasing the potential difference slightly.

  Reverse the power supply connections and repeat steps two to six.

  Plot a graph of current against potential difference for each

  component

  .

  Repeat the experiment but replace the

  fixed resistor

  with a bulb.
• 1. Measure and mark a 2-metre distance along the ramp.
  2. Prop one tray under one end of the ramp.
  3. Measure the maximum height of the ramp in cm.
  4. Release the cart and measure the time it takes to travel 2m.
  5. Repeat the experiment to obtain a second result (to calculate an average result).
  6. Repeat the experiment by increasing the slope of the ramp by stacking the trays one at a time and measuring the time it takes for the cart to travel down the ramp (acceleration ramp equation)
• Method- acceleration (airslide)

  Connect the light gates to the interface and computer. Enter the length of card.

  • Place the air track on a bench and attach it to the vacuum cleaner, set on 'blow'.
  • Tie a length of string to the glider. Pass the string over the pulley and attach the weight stack to the other end of the string.

  • Clamp the two light gates horizontally. Position them above the air track so that the card passes through them as the glider moves.

  Switch on the vacuum cleaner. The glider should accelerate through the light gates as the weight falls to the ground.
• Light required practical steps 


  Put block flat on page and draw around it. Draw a normal line about halfway then shine the light ray along the incidence line (about 30⁰). mark position the light leaves the block then draw a new normal line where light exits the block. Draw a line between the 2 normal lines representing the ray as it passes through the block. then measure the angle of incidence(I) and refraction(R). Then final calculate sin i/sin r to work out the constant.

  
• see the amount of infrared radiation absorbed by a surface depends on the nature of that surface.


  Place a Leslie cube on a heat-resistant mat. Fill it, almost to the top, with boiling water and replace the lid. Leave for one minute. This is to enable the surfaces to heat up to the temperature of the water. then Use the infrared detector to measure the intensity of infrared radiation emitted from each surface, or the temperature of the surface. Make sure that the detector is the same distance from each surface for each reading.
• extension- Secure a clamp stand to the bench using a G-clamp. Use bosses to attach two clamps to the clamp stand. Attach the spring to the top clamp, and a ruler to the bottom clamp. Adjust the ruler so that it is vertical, and with its zero level with the top of the spring. Measure and record the unloaded length of the spring. Hang a 100 g slotted mass carrier (weight 0.98 newtons) from the spring. Measure and record the new length of the spring. Add a 100 g slotted mass to the carrier. Measure and record the new length of the spring. Repeat step 7 until you have added a total of 1,000 g.
• What measuring instrument should be used to measure the volume of water?

  measuring cylinder