module 4

• catabolism is the process that breaks down substrates and harvest building blocks
• auxotrophs gain essential growth via cross-feeding
• Archaea is the prokaryotic domain where all members don't have peptidoglycan in their cell wall
• The number of new cases of a disease in a given time period is called incidence
• Aseptic is a lab technique that uses strict practices to prevent contamination
• Prebiotic is a functional food that encourages growth of good bacteria in the gut
• Chemoheterotroph is an organism that uses chemical energy and organic compounds as a source of nourishment
• Aranine is the 'pokemon' used to illustrate electron carrier action of NADH in metabolic pathways
• Epidemiology is the study of occurence, distribution and spread of disease in humans
• reverse transcription is an error-prone enzyme that introduces a lot of variation to HIV genome
• Frequently washing hands and disinfecting surfaces are ways to interrupt the 'chain of infection'
• Botox id the cosmetic medicine containing an exotoxin secreted by clostridium botolinum
• there are 4 bacterial phyla that dominate the human microbiome
• Antibiotics target cell components that are different between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
• Alexander Fleming discovered penecillin, collecting fungi
• Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms, where the cell grows 2x its size and divides into 2
• Selective toxicity is a principle, which effective microbial must be more toxic to a pathogen than the pathogens host
• virulence factors are enzymes and toxins that affect the ability of a pathogen to cause a disease
• Lytic is a viral reproductive cycle that uses a host cell to create more viruses and results in the destruction of a host cell
• The plasmid is a small circular piece of DNA that carries extra genes to separate the bacterias genome
• A bacteria that survives the exposure to an antibiotic is resistant.