prokaryotic-eukaryotic

• PROKARYOTIC CELL found only in bacteria and archaebacteria
• prokaryotic cell - can be rod like, spherical, or spiral in shape, are surrounded by a protective cell wall. live in a watery environment, whether it is soil moisture, a pond, or the fluid surrounding cells in the

  human body.
• pilus - a structure thatextends out of the cell to transfer

  DNA to another bacterium.
• flagellum, found in numerous

  species, is used for locomotion.
• capsule, a sticky substance external to the cell wall that protects bacteria from attack by white blood cells.
• lysosomes store enzymes

  for digesting food.
• The plasma membrane that surrounds eukaryotic cells is a dynamic structure composed of two layers of

  phospholipid molecules interspersed with cholesterol and proteins. Phospholipids are composed of a

  hydrophilic, or water-loving, head and two tails, which are hydrophobic, or water-hating.
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is so called because it

  appears bumpy under a microscope. It functions on synthesis of membrane proteins, secretory proteins and

  hydrolytic enzymes and also formation of transport vesicles.
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions on lipid

  synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism in liver cells, detoxification in liver cells and calcium ion storage.
• Central vacuole- contains the pigment, nutrients, and plant wastes
• Cell wall surrounds and protects the plasma membrane.