Joints and movement

• Flexion and extension at the shoulder is through the sagittal plane.. The agonist for flexion is the anterior deltoid and antagonist the latissimus dorsi.
• Abduction and adduction at the shoulder is through the frontal plan. The agonist for abduction is middle deltoid and the antagonist the lattisimus dorsi.
• Horizontal flexion and extension at the shoulder are through the transverse plane. The agonist for horizontal flexion is the pectoralis major and antagonist the lattisimus dorsi.
• Medial rotation and lateral rotation at the shoulder is through the transverse plane. The agonist for medial rotation is the teres major and the antagonist the teres minor.
• Flexion and extension at the elbow are through the sagittal plane. The agonist for flexion is the biceps brachii and the antagonist the triceps brachii.
• Flexion and extension at the wrest is through the sagittal plane. The agonist for flexion is the wrist flexor and the antagonist is the wrist extensor.
• Abduction and adduction at the hip is through the frontal plane. The agonist for abduction is the gluteus medius/minimus and the antagonist is the adductors.
• Medial rotation and lateral rotation at the hip are through the transverse plane. The agonist for medial rotation is the gluteus medius/minimus and the antagonist the gluteus maximus.
• Flexion and extension at the knee are through the sagittal place. The agonist for flexion is the biceps femoris and antagonist the triceps femoris.
• Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion at the ankle if through the sagittal plane. The agonist for plantar flexion is the gastrocnemius & soleus and the antagonist is the tibialis anterior.
• The shoulder is a ball and socket joint. The articulating bones are the humerus and scapula.
• The elbow is a hinge joint. The articulating bones are the humerus radius and ulna.
• The wrist is a condyloid joint. The articulating bones are the radius, ulna and carpals.
• The hip is a ball and socket joint. The articulating bones are the pelvis and femur.
• The knee is a hinge joint. The articulating bones are the femur and the tibia.
• The ankle is a hinge joint. The articulating bones are the tibia, fibula and talus.