Milgram

• Improvement to Milgram- sample

  Change sample of 40 American men. Only volunteer so unrepresentative of females or other cultures. Use different sampling method (stratified) both sexes and a mix of cultural backgrounds. Will make research more representative and generalisable increasing external validity and population validity
• Improvement to Milgram: ethics


  Deal with ethical issues better. Risk to pps beliefs and status and privacy. Should’ve had detailed debrief and offered councilling. This would help to effectively un do the damage caused and allow pps to understand they were not alone in their decision.
• ethics: deception


  Informed pps experiment was about memory and learning, lack of actual electric shocks, use of a confederate and pre recorded responses.

  Without deception it would be invalid- social desirability bias. It was essential and pps agreed it was acceptable
• ethics- protection from harm

  signs of extreme tension observed- including a seizure, sweating, trembling, biting lip, groan, digging nails into flesh

  Only expected a small % to administer higher shock. Also pps not forced and could stop at any time
• Ethics- right to withdraw

  Given verbal prods ‘ it is absolutely essential that you continue” when challenging welfare of teacher or wanting to stop. This may pressure them into continuing.

  Without this,it may not have tested the true aim Of obedience