Paper 3 business

• what is demand ?

  the amount of a good or service that consumers are willing or able to buy at a given price and time
• what 1 non-price factor leads to change in demand ?

  1. fashions, tastes and consumer preferences
• what 3 social trends affect the design mix ?

  1. resource depletion

  2. waste minimisation

  3. reusing and recycling
• how does resource depletion affect the design mix ?

  using less water in the production process and fabrics that are naturally dyed/biodegradable reduces the need for harmful chemicals
• how does waste minimisation affect the design mix ?

  reducing waste and improving costs through garment rental, swapping, repairing and designing clothes
• how does reusing and recycling affect the design mix ?

  designing clothes to have a longer life leads to less disposal, the clothes can then be reused, rented and repaired to further extend its wear
• what is branding ?


  the process of creating and establishing a strong, positive identity for a product, service or company. it's done by developing a unique name, logo, design and/or symbol
• what is promotion ?


  communicating and advertising products, services or brands to target audiences with the aim of increasing awareness, interest and sales
• what 3 social trends affect branding and promotion ?

  1. viral marketing

  2. social media

  3. emotional branding
• how does viral marketing affect branding and promotion ?

  brands can share content that is trending to create a buzz and reach large audiences quickly
• how does social media affect branding and promotion ?

  retailers can engage with their audience which improves customer loyalty
• how does emotional branding affect branding and promotion ?

  it creates a strong connection with consumers by appealing to their emotions and values
• what 1 social trend affects pricing ?

  1. online sales
• how do online sales affect pricing ?

  retailers can offer lower prices online due to lower overheads
• what is a sales forecast ?

  a prediction of the future sales performance over a specific period
• what 1 factor affect sales forecasts ?

  1. consumer trends
• how does consumer trends affect sales forecasts ?

  shifts in preferences, purchasing behaviour and lifestyle choices impact demand
• what is fast fashion ?

  producing inexpensive clothing quickly to respond to rapidly changing trends
• what is sustainable fashion ?

  producing ethical clothing that minimises the negative impact on the environment and society
• what is circular fashion ?


  promotion practices such as recycling, reusing and reducing waste throughout the entire life cycle of clothing
• what is the 1 example of a trade off between profit and ethics ?

  1. having business success but also appearing as an ethical business
• what is cultural appropriation ?

  exploitative use of cultural elements without proper acknowledgement, respect or understanding
• what are counterfeit products ?

  products that use an existing trademark without permission
• what is intellectual property theft ?

  large clothing retailers copying designs without permission
• what are unfair wages ?

  workers in low wage countries are paid inadequately for their work
• what is corporate social responsibility (CSR) ?


  it involves ethical sourcing, sustainable practices and fair labour conditions
• what are stakeholder conflicts ?

  arguments and disagreements between stakeholders
• what is environmental pollution ?

  pollution from dyeing processes, chemical treatments and waste disposal
• what are the 2 disadvantages of wages and working conditions ?

  1. poor working conditions and exploitative pay particularly in developing countries

  2. workers endure long hours and unsafe environments
• what is 'lack of worker rights' ?

  limited or no recognition of workers' rights to join unions and to organise and bargain collectively
• what are non-biodegradable materials ?

  synthetic materials that do not decompose easily, contributing to long-term environmental pollution
• what 3 ways does the fashion industry negatively contribute to carbon emissions ?

  1. production

  2. transportation

  3. disposal of clothing
• what 3 ways can the fashion industry promote a greener, more environmentally friendly approach ?

  1. sustainable practices

  2. circular economy models

  3. eco-friendly materials
• what are the 2 negative impacts of waste disposal in the fashion industry ?

  1. excessive consumerism

  2. landfills
• how does excessive consumerism impact waste disposal ?


  it leads to throwaway culture and massive textile waste
• how do landfills impact waste disposal ?

  they are a large source of methane which contributes to global warming
• what are sweatshops ?

  places where workers endure harsh conditions, long hours and low pay
• how does lack of transparency and complexity affect the supply chain ?

  brands don't disclose where the clothes are made making it more challenging to monitor and ensure ethical practices at every stage of production
• how can product labeling be misleading ?

  can claim to a have a higher content of the more expensive fabrics (cotton and linen) so customers assume it is a premium product and brands can maximise the product price
• what are the 3 examples of inappropriate promotion activities in the fashion industry ?

  1. objectification of individuals

  2. glamorisation of unhealthy body standards

  3. exploitation of controversial themes