Bio chap 2 reproduction

• Sexually transmitted diseases


  Diseases that can be transmitted through sexual contact, such as HIV/AIDS and syphilis
• Reproduction


  The ability of all living things to produce new organisms to ensure the continuity of their species
• Parents and their offspring

  • Mauritian Kestrel and its young
  • Giant Panda and its young
• Asexual reproduction


  A type of reproduction where a single parent produces new individuals that are genetically identical
• Sexual reproduction


  A type of reproduction that involves two parents and produces offspring that are genetically different from the parents
• Asexual reproduction in amoeba


  1. Parent cell divides to form new organisms

  2. New organisms are identical to the parent
• Asexual reproduction in yeast

  1. Parent yeast cell forms a bud

  2. Bud detaches and grows into a new individual cell
• Plants that reproduce asexually

  • Strawberry plants using runners
  • Potato plants using tubers
• Offsprings produced during asexual reproduction are genetically identical to each other and to the parent
• Sexual reproduction in mammals

  Involves two parents and produces offspring that are not identical to the parents or to each other
• Stages of sexual reproduction in humans

  1. Gamete formation

  2. Fertilization
• Gametes


  Specialized sex cells produced by the male (sperm) and female (egg/ovum) reproductive systems
• Fertilization


  1. Male gamete (sperm) fuses with female gamete (egg/ovum) to form a zygote

  2. Zygote develops into an embryo and then a fetus
• Identical


  Genetically identical
• Dissimilar

  Genetically dissimilar
• Fertilisation


  Fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote
• The zygote eventually develops into a new individual
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)


  Diseases that are spread from an infected to a non-infected individual through sexual contact
• STDs are caused by microorganisms
• Examples of STDs


  • HIV/AIDS
  • Syphilis
  • Gonorrhea
• Some preventive measures regarding spread of HIV/AIDS are:

  1. Use protection (e.g. condom) during sexual intercourse
  2. Avoid multiple sex partners
  3. Increase awareness through sex education at school
• Reproduction is the process of producing new individuals of the same kind or species
• Reproduction helps in the continuity of the species so that it does not become extinct
• Types of reproduction


  • Asexual
  • Sexual
• Asexual reproduction


  A single parent is involved in producing genetically identical offspring, there is no fusion of gametes
• Sexual reproduction


  Male and female parents are involved in producing genetically dissimilar offspring, there is fusion of gametes
• Testes

  Reproductive organs that produce male gametes
• Ovaries


  Reproductive organs that produce female gametes
• the male reproductive system consists of the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis
• The female reproductive system consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, cervix, vulva
• Male reproductive system


  System that produces sperms
• Identifying the parts of the male reproductive system

  1. Urethra

  2. Penis

  3. Seminal vesicle

  4. Prostate gland

  5. Semen

  6. Sperm duct

  7. Testis

  8. Scrotum
• Penis


  Organ that releases sperms in the vagina of the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse
• Testis


  Organ producing sperms
• Scrotum


  Sac-like structure that holds the testis outside the body
• Identifying the parts of the female reproductive system

  1. Oviduct

  2. Ovary

  3. Cervix

  4. Vagina

  5. Uterus
• Oviduct


  Place where fertilisation occurs
• Ovary


  Produces eggs
• Cervix


  Separates the uterus from the vagina
• Vagina


  Place where sperms are released during sexual intercourse, also the birth canal