differentiation

• types of migrant 


  -permanent settlers

  -temporary workers

  -spouses

  -forced migrants > refugees & asylum seekers
• globalisation is increasing the diversity of types of migrants
• postgraduate students 


  2014

  -26% chinese-born

  -23% UK born

  post graduate students
• super diversity - Vertovec

  -globalisation led to 'super-diversity'

  -migrants come from much wider range of countries

  -even within singular ethnic group, individuals differ in terms of legal status
• Cohen 


  also class differences among migrants

  -distinguishes 3 types

  -citizens

  -denizens

  -helots
• citizens


  -full citizenship rights
• denizens 


  -privileged foreign nationals

  -welcomed by the state
• helots


  -most exploited group > 'slaves'

  -state & employers regard as 'disposable unit of labour power'

  -reserve army of labour

  -found in unskilled, poorly paid work