GENERAL SCIENCE

• Volcano

  An opening or rupture in the Earth's surface or crust where hot gases, lava, and rock fragments are released from the magma chamber below the surface
• Volcano

  • Crater
  • Main Vent
  • Side Vent
  • Magma Chamber
  • Ash Cloud
  • Layers of ash
• Cinder cones

  They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form a circular or oval cone.
• Formation of cinder cones


  1. Eruption

  2. Formation of cone and crater

  3. Lava flow
• Cinder cones

  • Smallest, steep-sloped, explosive eruptions
• Composite volcanoes (Stratovolcanoes)

  They are typically steep-sided, symmetrical cones of large dimension built of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, cinders, blocks, and bombs and may rise as much as 8,000 feet above their bases. A conduit system through which magma from a reservoir deep in the Earth's crust rises to the surface and is built up by the accumulation of material erupted through the conduit and increases in size as lava, cinders, ash, etc. are added to its slopes.
• Shield volcanoes

  They are built almost entirely of fluid lava flows (solidified basaltic lava). The largest, long, gentle slopes, quiet eruptions.
• Shield volcanoes

  • Mauna Loa, Hawaii
• Magma

  Explodes and comes outside the volcano, it's now called Lava