different model of atoms and plancks quantum theory

• thomson plum puding model(also called resin model of thomson )

  but it failed because the

  
• • rutheford experiment

  • he used gold because it is most malleable metal
  • the gold thickness is 100 nanometer

  
• observation

  
• • 99.99999% undeflected
  • some deflected small and large angle (from black dot which is nucleaus)
  • some are bounced back(from black dot which is nucleus)

  
• explanation

  
  

  he told that the deflection ocur only if we take considration nuclues

  and the number of deflection is very small it says that the nucleus is very small in number

  
• • head on collison means coming back
  • heavy positive centre means nucleus

  
• • rutherford is the first person to give value in numerical
  • nucleus is 1 lakh times smaller than the size of atom

  
• • the magnitude is differ for differ atom like oxygen helium etc

  
• ruther ford is the first person who give planetory diagram

  
• • thats obivious because the atoms are neutral
  • the large empty speace are the abc.. shell which is unknown

  
• • According to Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, accelerated charged particles emit electromagnetic radiation
  • int that case it lose energy by moment its moment and it colliede with nucleus
  • so he failed to explain the stability of atom

  
• rutherford atomic model which failed

  
• Bohr's model was developed on the basis of Rutherford's nuclear model
• atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which is equal to the number of electrons in the outermost shell

  
• mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom of an element

  
• represtantion

  
• isotope


  equal proton

  
• isobar


  equal nucleaus (p;bar nucleus)

  
• isotone


  same neutron (p; tone= women=neutron

  
• isodiapher 1


  same number when differ betweeen proton and neutron

  
• isotere

  
• isostere 2

  same electron and same number of atom

  
• • electromagnetic radiation

  • it is wave nature of electromagnetic radiation which is the causes failure for rutherford experiment
  • the pink; electric waves and crest
  • the blue; magnetic waves and threst

  
• the wavelength of radiation

  
• frequency; speed of waves

  
• velocity of radiation

  note; for all rays the velocity is equal to speed of light

  
• wave number

  
• amplitude

  
• but in this we found that the property of em waves changes with changes in wavelength and frequncies

  
• here for example wavelength -6 to -4 ir will emit which has the heating capacity.

  with -4 to -2 can cook food and with 0 to 2 can hear song

  
• advantages of em waves