Communication for Academic Purposes

• According to Donna Mertens, research is a

  “systematic inquiry that is designed to collect, analyze,

  and interpret data to understand, describe, or predict

  phenomenon.”
• Reasearch involves investigation through questioning.
• Research is a way of discovering new knowledge, applying

  knowledge in various ways as well as seeing relationships of ideas, events, and situations.
• Research improves the quality of life.
• Characteristics of Research: Accuracy - It must give correct or accurate data, which the footnotes, notes, and bibliographical entries should honestly and appropriately documented or acknowledged.
• Characteristics of Research: Objectiveness - It must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising from assumptions, generalizations, predictions, or conclusions.
• Characteristics of Research: Timeliness - It must work on a topic that is fresh, new, and interesting to the present society.
• Characteristics of Research: Relevance - The topic must be instrumental in improving society or in solving problems affecting the lives of people in a community.
• Characteristics of Research: Clarity - It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries by using simple, direct, concise, and correct language.
• Characteristics of Research: Analytical - Research process is conducted in a scientific, systematic, and structured manner using standard methods. It then yields results which are validated accordingly.
• Characteristics of Research: Scholarly - It follows the highest ethical standards.
• Quantitative Research is a type of research that uses numerical data to answer research questions.
• Combined Research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research.
• Qualitative Research is a type of research that focuses on the meaning of the data rather than the numerical value of the data.
• According to Bodgan and Bilken (2007), in Qualitative Research the researcher is required to become a primary and keen observer.
• Qualitative Research offers a wide array of designs, focusing on individual experiences, societies, cultures, languages and communications, and the like.
• Qualitative research largely used inductive reasoning in analyzing qualitative data. Concepts and meanings are constructed based on the collected data and its interpretation.
• Qualitative Research is highly concerned with meanings and interpretations.
• The problem statement is a general problem or

  question that the research aims to answer or solve. It

  reflects the following information: context, gap, and

  significance.
• The research gap is an area related to the AOI (area of inquiry) that remains unexplored. One of the main objectives of any research is to bridge the gap or to significantly add to a body of knowledge.
• Theoretical Framework is a structure that summarizes concepts and theories wich you develop from previously tested and published knowledge which you synthesize to help you have a theoretical background, or basis for your data analysis and interpretation of the meaning contained in your research data (Kivunga, 2018).
• Conceptual Framework - is the total, logical, orientation and associations of anything and everything that forms the underlying thinking, structures, plans and practices and implementation of your entire research project. It is the logical conceptualization of your entire research project. It is metacognitive, reflective and operational element of the entire research process (Kivunga, 2018).
• The research design is a plan on how to conduct the research. It will serve as a guide in accomplishing the research objective/s.
• Validity construct pertains to terms, phrases, concepts,

  and ideas that are directly relevant to answer the

  research questions.
• Since research is problem driven, the first thing to deal in undertaking a study is to identify and determine the problem to study.
• The research topic is the issue or concern in a particular setting that motivates and guides the researcher in conducting a study. It lays the foundation for the entire study
• At the start a research title is a working title. A guide to your entire research study.
• Research Variables are the measurable factors that are subjected to change due to circumstances. Therefore, it is an object, event, idea, feeling, time period, or any other type of category you are trying to measure.