1.2.1 Primary storage (Memory)

• Primary storage

  At GCSE level you can think of primary storage comprising of Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). It holds data and instructions which the CPU can much more easily and quickly access than from secondary storage devices
• Random Access Memory (RAM)


  Volatile (data lost when power is off) Read and write. Purpose: temporary store of currently executing instructions and their data. E.g. applications and the operating system in use
• Read Only Memory (ROM)


  Non-volatile (data retained when power is off) Read only. Purpose: stores instructions for starting the computer called the bootstrap
• Virtual memory

  Using part of the hard disk as if it were random access memory. Allows more applications to be open than physical memory could hold
• Volatile

  Memory loses its data when power off
• Non-volatile

  Memory retains its data when power is lost
• Random Access Memory (RAM)


  Read/write - function is to load open programs and operating system data currently in use - volatile
• Read Only Memory (ROM)

  Can only be read, can't be changed, stores essential programs to be run in order to boot the computer - non-volatile
• Cache

  A type of memory that stores copies of frequently used data, much faster than RAM, lower capacity - closer to CPU
• Virtual memory

  A memory management procedure needed when the RAM is full so a temporary section is made which acts like a part of RAM
• Cloud storage

  Data is stored on multiple servers in a remote location

  Advantages: secure, can be accessed anywhere

  Disadvantages: needs internet connection, download and upload can be affected by internet connection
• Operating system

  Essential software that links the hardware and other software together and generally manages the computer system