biology year9 end of years

• Photosynthesis


  when photosynthetic organisms use the suns energy to make glucose
• What is glucose used for?


  to make larger complex molecules needed for plants/algae to grow. these molecules make up the biomass
• where does photosynthesis take place?

  chloroplasts
• how is energy transferred to the chlorophyll?

  by light
• transport vessel that transports food

  phloem
• what makes up the phloem

  columns of elongated living cells with small pores in the end walls to allow things through
• translocation


  movement of something from one place to another
• transport vessel that transports water up

  xylem
• what makes up the xylem

  dead cells joined end to end with no end walls between them and a hole down the middle
• what do xylem tubes carry?

  Water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem and leaves
• transpiration stream


  the movement of water from the roots, through the xylem and out of the leaves.
• transpiration


  loss of water from a plant through its leaves
• what causes transpiration?


  The evaporation and diffusion of water from a plants surface
• sexual reproduction


  joining of the male and female gametes
• asexual reproduction


  one parent with no gametes joining
• mitosis


  the process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells
• Meiosis


  formation of 4 non identical cells from one cell
• DNA


  polymer that contains instructions for the body. made up of nucleotides
• nucleotide made up of?

  one sugar molecule, one phosphate molecule and one type of organic base
• A base connects to

  T base
• C base connects to

  G base
• gametes


  haploid sex cells
• genome


  The entire genetic material of an organism
• Chromosomes


  a long coiled molecule of DNA that carries genetic information in the form of genes
• genotype


  organisms genetic composition
• phenotype


  organisms observable characteristics
• monohybrid inheritance


  The inheritance of a single gene