Respiration

• What is respiration?

  A process that releases energy in the form of ATP from the breakdown of organic compounds (e.g. glucose)
• What is ATP?

  • Short term energy store in all cells

  • Universal energy carrier
• Why must respiration occur continuously in living cells?

  ATP is required for many essential processes in living cells e.g. movement, homeostasis and active transport
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  It is an exothermic reaction that releases energy in the form of heat
• Where do plants get the glucose required for respiration?

  They produce their own glucose during photosynthesis
• Where do animals get the glucose required for respiration?

  From the breakdown of carbohydrates that they have ingested
• What are the two types of respiration?

  • Aerobic respiration

  • Anaerobic respiration
• What is aerobic respiration?

  Respiration in the presence of oxygen that forms ATP from the breakdown of glucose
• Write the word equation for aerobic respiration

  Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ATP)
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Respiration that takes place without oxygen and forms ATP from the breakdown of glucose
• When may anaerobic respiration take place in human cells?

  During vigorous exercise
• When may anaerobic respiration take place in plant cells?

  If the soil becomes waterlogged
• Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscle cells

  Glucose —> Lactic Acid (+ATP)
• Why may anaerobic respiration in muscle cells eventually stop?

  Lactic acid build-up inhibits anaerobic respiration
• What are the symptoms of lactic acid build up?

  • Cramp

  • Fatigue
• Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells

  Glucose —> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+ATP)
• Is aerobic or anaerobic respiration more efficient? Explain why

  Aerobic respiration is more efficient as it produces more molecules of ATP than anaerobic respiration