Mitosis and Cell Division

• Appearance and behavior of chromosomes during mitosis

  -Prophase-

  - chromosomes shorten, thicken, condense and become visible

  -appear as two sister chromatids joined at the centromere

  -Metaphase -

  -line up along equator of cell

  -attached to spindle fibers

  -by their centromere

  -Anaphase

  -centromere splits/ divides

  -sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell -Telophase-

  -chromatids/chromosomes uncoil/unwind/decondense
• Describe two events during interphase which prepre a cell for mitosis

  -DNA replication -synthesis of organelles/buildup of energy / growth

  -replication of organelles -increase in cytoplasm
• Viral replication

  -attachment proteins bind to comp receptors on host cell

  -viral rna inserted into host cytoplasm

  -viral dna inserted into host dna

  -transcription makes viral mrna

  -translation makes viral proteins

  -viral proteins assembled

  -virus leaves by budding off cell
• Binary fission (bacterial replication)

  replication of circular dna replication of plasmids if any cell elongation division of cytoplasm producing two identical bacterial cells
• Factors affecting diffusion

  -temp- more ke- faster movement -surface area- more molecules or ions can pass through -conc gradient- bigger difference- faster rate of duiffusion -thickness of membrane- thinner= shorter pathway= faster diffusion -composition of csm- more protiens = more binding sites for molecules via FD/AT -Type of molecule/ion- large molecules diffuse slower