Stuarts 1.2

• Two main elements describing the religious situation in 1603 (2) - Church of england was in a strong position - Two extreme groups tried to change church practise; puritans and catholics
• Assess how the church of england was in a strong position in terms of the religious situation in 1603 (3) - Most people were anglicans - they accepted the church of englands calvinist theology, vast majority attended church every sunday, failure to do so would result in a recusansy fine - The church hierarchy was powerful - the archbushop was appointed by the monarch and 26 bishops sat in the house of lords, they always supported the monarch - A minority of non-conformists caused concern as refusal to accept church authority was heresy
• Describe the puritan extreme group who attempted to change church practise in terms of the religious situation in 1603 (2) - They agreed with most aspects of the church of england doctrine but believed the church had not gone far enough to remove remaining catholic elements like the clergy wearing vestments - Since 1570 puritans were campaigning for 'godly reformation' aiming to remove sin by taking the 10 commandments literally, for example dedicating sundays solely to religious faith and worship
• Describe the Catholic extreme group who attempted to change church practise in terms of the religious situation in 1603 (3) - Catholicism was no longer a religion of the state following henry 8ths excommunication, catholics made up 1% of the population and tended to live in remote areas - There were still some prominent catholic landowners who had influence over state policy, like the Howard family - Most catholics were law abiding and loyal to the state, many chosing to fight for england in anglo-spanish war, yet an extreme minority sought to return england to rome and place a catholic monar...
• What are the two elements regarding James' religious policy and puritans (2) - Hampton court conference 1604 - James' religious policy and puritans after 1610
• Describe the background to the Hampton Court Conference - Convened to discuss the millenary petition of puritan proposals including removal of catholic practises from church of england, reformation of high commission and creation of a new bible
• What were the outcomes of the hampton court conference with regards to James' religious policy and puritans - James refused major concessions to puritans - But he did grant some minor concessions - like the reformation of the court of high commission and allowing prophesising (a puritan notion that clerics and laymen should be able to meet after church to discuss sermons)
• Describe James' refusal of major concessions to puritans in terms of the outcomes of the hampton court conference with regards to James' religious policy and puritans (3) - James rejected the idea of introducing presbyterianism into england stating 'no bishop no king', making it clear he would uphold its current structure - James rejected the removal of catholic practises from the church of england - James did agree to a new bible, the King James' bible, he intended to replace the current two that existed, the bishops and geneva bible, the geneva bible was heaviluty puritan, so this upset puri...
• Describe the successes of the hampton court conference with regards to James' religious policy and puritans (2) - James retained support from Anglicans and gained support from moderate puritans, the minimal reforms avoided alienating anglicans by radically restructuring the church towards prebyterianism - The conference integrated moderate puritans and isolated radical puritans, 1% of ministers resigned after the conference because of lack of reforms
• Describe the failures of the hampton court conference with regards to James' religious policy and puritans (2) - The conference failed to resolve the puritan demands - Some MP's and petitioners complained that James had excluded puritans from his religious policy at the start of his reign
• Describe the success in James' religious policy after 1610 with regards to James' religious policy and puritans (2) - James included puritan bishops into the episcopacy, in 1610 he appointed George Abbot the archbishop of canterbury, he was a puritan so was willing to critique royal policies like the spanish match, satisfying puritans - James satisified both puritans and anglicans by allowing diversity of practise within the church, for example, strongly puritan areas were allowed to develop practises that deviated from official doctrine
• Describe the failure in James' religious policy after 1610 which resulted in puritan opposition growing with regards to James' religious policy and puritans (3) - 1618 Book of Sports - Foreign Policy - Growth of Arminianism
• Describe the 1618 book of sports in terms of the failure of James' religious policy resulting in the growth of puritan opposition with regards to James' religious policy and puritans (2) - Puritans believed that no other activity should take place on sunday other than religious ones, anglicans believed that people should be able to play sports following morning service - James published the book of sports stating officially sports were allowed on sundays, offending puritans
• Describe foreign policy in terms of the failure of James' religious policy resulting in the growth of puritan opposition with regards to James' religious policy and puritans (2) - Spanish match - concerned puritans as it appeared to lead to a reintroduction of catholic practises in england, criticised by george abbot - Furthermore puritans were angered by Englands lack of support for protestants abroad
• Describe the growth of arminianism in terms of the failure of James' religious policy resulting in the growth of puritan opposition with regards to James' religious policy and puritans (3) - James wanted to maintain a balance in the church and allowed the new faction of arminianism to exist angering puritans - Richard montague was allowed to publish pamphlet titled a new gag for an old goose criticising the church of england as essentially catholic, abbot called for the book to be withdrawn but james allowed it to remain published - Lancelot andrewes was made Bishop of Winchester and a member...
• What are the elements regarding James' attitude towards catholics (3) - James adopted a soft policy towards catholicism between persecution and tolerance - Gunpowder plot, November 1605 - The successes and failures of james policy towards catholics
• Why were catholics a cause for concern for James in terms of James' attitude towards catholics (3) - Political - members of the church of england submitted their authority to the king as head of church, catholic allegience lay with a foreign ruler, the pope - Catholics had persecuted Protestants throughout europe, St Bartholomews day massacre in 1572 saw the murder of 5000 protestants in France by catholics - Widespread anti-catholic ideology in england by 1603 as a result of 1588 spanish armada
• Describe the effect of James adopting a soft policy towards catholicism between persecution and tolerance in terms of James' attitude towards catholics (2) - Persectution would have satisfied most anglicans, however james realised most catholics were loyal - Tolerance would allow catholic freedoms and settle tensions, however an overly tolerant policy would result in backlach against him
• What was the causes of the gunpowder plot in terms of James' attitude towards catholics and the gunpowder plot (3) - Militant catholicism - Due to the pope calling for all catholics to depose elizabeth following her excommunication in 1570 - Persecution of catholics in england - their churches were banned and catholic practise was illegal and also charged for being recusants if they didnt attend church - Peace with spain - englands 1604 peace with spain ended the hope of foreign intervention to restore a catholic monarch, leading radicals to believe it was now up to them
• Provide some chronology for the gunpowder plot in terms of James' attitude towards catholics and the gunpowder plot (4) - March 1605 - Catesby, Wintour, Wright, Fawkes and Percy leased the groundfloor cellar close to house of lords and filled it with 36 gunpowder barrels - 26th October, William parker receives a letter telling him not to attend parliament on the 5th november, he gives letter to robert cecil who investigates - 4th November the cellars are searched an fawkes was caught alongside the gunpowder, the opening of parliament is delayed - Two days into torture fawkes gives up the names...
• What were the impacts of the gunpowder plot in terms of James' attitude towards catholics and the gunpowder plot (2) - Popish recusants Act 1605 - Legislation to prhibit catholics from holding public office, being doctors or lawyers or travelling without permission - Oat of Allegiance introduced in 1606 - catholics had to accept that the king had ultimate authority and the pope does not have the power to depose a monarch
• Describe a limit to the impact of the gunpowder plot in terms of James' attitude towards catholics and the gunpowder plot (2) - James remained leniant towards catholics for the remainder of his reign - he executed just 25 catholics, all of which for treason and not for religion - By 1625 there were 10,000 more catholics in england than in 1603 - there were no further catholic plots
• Describe the success of James' policy towards catholics in terms of James' attitude towards catholics (2) - James dealt with the challenges catholics posed to his rule, the impacts of the gunpowder plot also limited catholic freedoms which satisfied puritans - The impacts of the gunpowder plot alos reduced religious tensions, as james didnt pursue a radical response which would have sparked further tensions
• Describe the failure of James policy towards catholics in terms of James' attitude towards catholics (2) - James left behind a virrulent anti-catholic nation when he died, James was seen as too moderate and made his inclinations seem pro-catholic - This became problem when the heavily arminianist charles I succeeded
• Paragraph factors with regards to success of james policy to puritans (3) - Policies at the start of his reign and the hampton court conference - Dealing with growth of arminianism and policy after 1610 - Dealing with catholics and how this appeased puritans