bonding

• physical property metal elements non-metal elements

  appearance shiny dull

  mp and bp usually high usually low state at room temp solid half solid half gas

  malleable or brittle malleable brittle

  ductile? ductile non-ductile

  conductivity good conductors poor conductors
• The periodic table is which all the elements are arranged in rows and columns in order of increasing atomic number
• a chemical property is a characteristic of a substance
• metals and non metals react with oxygen to produce oxides
• metal oxides produce alkaline solutions
• non-metal oxides produce acidic solutions
• a period is a horizontal row
• a group is a vertical column
• finding electronic structure of an atom e.g. lithium

  1. find the atomic number - 3
  2. fill each shell in order - 2,1
• max number of electrons in shells 2,8,8,18
• An ion is an electrically charged particle formed when an atom or group of atoms loses or gains electrons
• metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions
• non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions
• a covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between two non-metal atoms completing their outer shells
• a simple molecule is a molecule that only contains a few atoms
• the covalent bonds between atoms in a simple molecule are strong but the intermolecular forces between molecules are weak
• a giant covalent structure consists of very many non-metals atoms joined by covalent bonds and arranged in a repeating regular pattern called a giant lattice
• diamond is a form of carbon it exists as a giant covalent structure
• polymers are made from many smaller molecules called monomers they are able to join end to end in chemical reactions
• all metals, apart from mercury, are in the solid state at room temp their atoms are packed together in a regular way forming a giant metallic lattice
• metallic bonds are the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the delocalised electrons and the closely packed, positive charged metal ions
• electrons leave the outer shell of metal atoms forming a sea of electrons around positively charged metal ions, these electrons are free to move through the structure of the metal so are called delocalised electrons
• Periodic Table of Elements

  a logical arrangement of elements based on properties such as atomic mass and valence
• Periods


  Elements in same period have similar physical and chemical properties
• ionic bonding

  • metal and non-metal
  • strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions