Preparation of Salts

• A salt is a compound formed when all the hydrogen atoms of an acid are replaced by a metal.

• Naming salts involves 2 parts; the name of the metal and the acid ending eg. calcium + hydrochloric acid = calcium chloride
• Match the type of salt to acid used:

  
  

  Sulphate = Sulphuric acid

  Nitrate = Nitric acid

  Chloride = Hydrochloric acid

  Ethanoate = Ethanoic acid
• Salts can either be soluble or insoluble
• Soluble salts:

  • All sodium, potassium and ammonium salts
  • All nitrates
  • Chlorides
  • Sulphates
  • Potassium, sodium and ammonium carbonates
• What salts are soluble?

  All sodium, potassium and ammonium salts

  All nitrates

  Chlorides

  Sulphates

  Potassium, sodium and ammonium carbonate
• What salts are insoluble?

  Chlorides except silver and lead

  Sulphates except barium

  Lead and calcium

  All other carbonates
• Method B: Titration

  • Phenolphthalein is added to an alkali (soluble base)
  • Add acid to solution using burette; note volume of acid required for solution to change color
  • Repeat without indictor using noted acid volume
  • Heat in evaporating dish to form soluble salt crystals