Respiratory and Circulatory Systems (Week 1-2)

• The heart is divided into four chambers, two atria (right and left) and two ventricles (right and left).
• Alveoli are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs between blood and air.
• Trachea (windpipe) - carries air from larynx down into bronchi.
• Blood flows from the right side to the left side of the heart.
• Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle through the aorta.
• Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava.
• Bronchial tubes - carry air to lungs.
• Lungs - organs responsible for breathing and gas exchange with the body's circulatory system.
• Bronchioles - small tubes that branch off from the bronchus to carry air to the alveoli.
• Larynx (voice box) - contains vocal chords that produce sound when we speak.
• Diaphragm - muscle that separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity and contracts during inspiration.
• Veins carry blood back to the heart.
• Oxygenated blood enters the lungs through pulmonary veins and deoxygenated blood leaves through pulmonary arteries.
• Blood flows from the right side to the lungs through pulmonary arteries.
• Pulmonary circulation involves oxygen-poor blood being pumped by the right ventricle to the lungs, while systemic circulation involves oxygen-rich blood being pumped by the left ventricle throughout the body.
• Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via pulmonary veins on the left side.
• Blood is pumped by the heart through arteries, which have thick walls and are under high pressure.
• The heart is divided into four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
• Circulatory System is a biological system that consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins), and blood.
• Arteries are thick-walled with elastic tissue that allows them to stretch when filled with blood and recoil as blood is pushed out. It carries blood away from the heart.
• Respiratory & Circulatory System Interaction

  During respiration, oxygen is taken in, transported to the heart, and pumped to the body's tissues, while carbon dioxide is removed and transported back to the lungs for exhalation.
• It is a biological system that consists of specific organs and structures that is used in respiration or gas exchange.

  Respiratory System
• Capillaries are thin-walled structures where gas exchange occurs between the bloodstream and surrounding cells.
• Pharynx is a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity to the esophagus and larynx.
• The nose is the entrance to the respiratory tract where air enters and leaves the body.
• Oxygenated Blood. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body
• Blood Vessels - The network of vessels through which blood flows throughout the body
• DEOXYGENATED BLOOD - Carries deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body to the lungs
• RIGHT ATRIUM collects/receive deoxygenated blood from the body.
• LEFT ATRIUM collects/receive oxygenated blood from the lungs.
• RIGHT VENTRICLE pumps blood from the atrium to the lungs.
• LEFT VENTRICLE pumps blood from the atrium to the body.
• The heart has four valves, two on the right side (tricuspid and pulmonary) and two on the left side (mitral and aortic).
• Three types of circulation are: Pulmonary, Coronary, and Systemic circulation.
• SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION is the flow of blood throughout the rest of the body, carrying oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products.
• CORONARY CIRCULATION is the flow of blood around the heart itself, supplying nutrients and removing waste products.
• PULMONARY VEIN is the only vein that transports blood away from the heart.
• Pulmonary artery is the only artery that transports blood towards the heart.
• Systolic pressure is the maximum pressure reached during contraction of the ventricles when blood is pumped out into the arteries.
• Diastolic pressure is the minimum pressure reached between contractions when the ventricles relax and fill with blood.