Classification

• Term: The science of classifying and naming things.

  Taxonomy
• Term: The evolutionary relationships amongst groups or organisms. Arranges organisms into a sequence which reflects their evolutionary development.

  Phylogeny
• Term: Taxonomy using evolutionary relationships to classify and name.

  Systematics
• What is the most accepted approach to classification?

  Phylogeny
• Taxonomy Term: establishes relationships solely on the basis of overall similarities, and does not necessarily correspond to evolutionary relationships.

  Phenetic classification
• Taxonomy Term: Groups species according to ancestry and unique homologous characters. The branches represent proposed sequence of events and show the direction of advancement (or derivation).

  Cladistic classification
• Taxonomy using phylogeny (cladistic) is based on an evaluation of a range of evidence, including:

  Fossil records, what they looked like on the outside (morphology), anatomy, what they're made up of (DNA, chromosomes, chemical makeup), behavioural traits, geographic distribution
• Term: structures that have arisen from a common ancestral structure which may now have a different function.

  Homologous
• Term: structures that have a similar function due to convergence but are not related from a common ancestral structure.

  Analagous
• Term: Distantly related lineages have similar features due to the operation of similar evolutionary forces and are not the result of a common ancestry. Phylogeny (cladistic) does not group them together.

  Convergent features
• The basic unit for taxonomy?

  Species
• A species is a group of organisms with similar characteristics that interbreed in their natural environment to produce fertile offspring
• Term: The standardised way of naming things.

  Nomenclature
• Nomenclature Term: Every species name has 2 parts.

  Binomial system
• Who was the binomial system invented by?

  Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778)
• Binomial system:

  The first part of the name is the genus.

  The second part of the name is the specific epithet.
• Name the first 4 taxonomic groups in order in the taxonomic hierarchy.

  1. Life
  2. Domain
  3. Kingdom
  4. Phylum
• Name the 3 domains:

  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Eukarya
• Name the 6 Kingdoms:

  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Protista
  4. Fungi
  5. Plantae
  6. Animalia
• Approximately how many groups are there in the Phylum category?

  100