11 BIOLOGY S1

• what is "m" in MRSGREN?

  movement.
• what is "r" in MRSGREN?

  respiration
• what is "s" in MRSGREN?

  Sensitivity.
• what is "g" in MRSGREN?

  growth.
• what is the second "r" in MRSGREN?

  Reproduction
• what is "e" in MRSGREN?

  Excretion.
• what is "n" in MRSGREN?

  nutrition.
• how are new cells formed?

  by the division of pre existing cells.
• what does cells contain?

  inherited information (genes)
• what is in animal cells but not plant cells?

  lysosomes and centriole.
• what is in plant cells but not animal cells?

  cell wall and chloroplast.
• what is in both animal and plant cell?

  cell membrane, nucleus and mitochondria.
• what is the plasma membrane?


  has control over what goes in and out of cells.
• movement of what is vital for life?

  substances.
• what are the three diffusion in plasma membrane?

  diffusion, osmosis and active transport.
• what is diffusion?


  The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• what happens when the net connection of molecules is broken?

  the molecules are no longer able to move
• what happens when the net connection of molecules on each side of the membrane is equal?

  equilibrium.
• what stops when net connection has reached equilibrium?


  net movement.
• what is used in cells so the concentration is high outside of the cell so it can passively move?


  02
• what is osmosis?


  The movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.
• what is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

  osmosis is a type of diffusion specifically for water molecules.
• what diffusion focuses on H20?

  osmosis.
• what are large vacuoles that have their own membrane called?

  tonoplast.
• what do vacuoles contain?

  sap-solute rich.
• what does extreme dehydration cause for plants?

  plasmolysis.
• what do wilting plants become?

  flaccid.
• what do vacuoles do when the plant is wilting?

  push the cytoplasm to the cell wall and hold it.
• what is active transport?

  Movement of molecules across a cell membrane that requires energy.
• what diffusion requires energy?

  Active transport.
• what has to move against their own concentration gradient?

  ions and molecules
• what needs to go across the membrane in active transport?

  energy.
• what does membranes transport?

  proteins.
• in active transport what enters the membrane?

  glucose and oxyen.
• in active transport what leaves the membrane?

  CO2, H20 and ATP
• what is ATP?


  Adenosine Triphosphate.
• what factors effect diffusion?

  concentration gradient, diffusion distance, surface areas and physical barriers.
• what is the solution type when the water is the same concentration inside and outside the cell?

  isotonic.
• what is the solution type when theres more water outside the cell than inside?

  hypotonic.
• what molecules diffuse across the membrane into the cell?

  H2o