disease dilemmas

• Infectious


  a disease spread by parasites, bacteria, virus, fungi etc.
• Non-Infectious


  a non-communicable disease due to age, genetic defects e.g. cancer
• Contagious


  a disease spread by contact or indirect contact with a carrier
• Communicable


  an infectious disease that spreads from host to host
• Non-Communicable


  an infectious disease that cannot be spread between people e.g. malaria
• What has historically been the main cause of death?

  Contagious Disease
• How many people did malaria kill worldwide in 2013?

  583,000
• Where did most of these deaths from malaria come from?

  Developing, poor countries
• Why is harder for contagious diseases like Malaria to affect developed countries?

  Medical technology, anti-biotics and vaccinations`
• Zoonotic Disease


  Infectious disease which are transmitted from animal to human e.g. plague, rabies
• How common is transmission of zoonotic disease?

  60% of infectious of infectious are spread via animals
• Where are non-infectious disease the most common cause of death?

  Developed countries e.g. cardiovascular disease
• How many deaths in the UK are a result of non-infectious disease like Cancer and Cardiovascular disease?

  2/3
• Endemic


  a disease which exists permanently in a geographical area/human group
• Give an example of an Endemic Disease

  Sleeping Sickness confined to rural sub-saharan Africa
• What is Sleeping Sickness?

  Transmitted by an infected parasite called the Tsetse fly
• Epidemic


  a disease outbreak that spreads quickly through the population of a geographical area
• Give an example of and Epidemic?

  Ebola, West Africa, 2014
• How many deaths were there in 2015 as a result of the Ebola Epidemic?

  10,500 deaths mainly in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea
• Pandemic


  an epidemic which spreads worldwide e.g. spanish flu
• Give an example of a Pandemic

  Spanish Flu 1900's

  Affected 1/3 of the global population
• Degenerative Disease


  Reflecting the ageing of the global population and increasingly unhealthy lifestyles
• How many deaths, worldwide are the result of degenerative disease?

  60%
• Give an example of a degenerative disease

  Cardiovascular

  Cancer

  Chronic Respiratory
• What other type of disease can by influenced by lifestyle choices?

  Non-Communicable
• In 2013, how many people worldwide under the age of 70 died from degenerative disease, What % cam from low-middle income countries?

  16 million people worldwide, 82% from low-middle income countries
• What type of disease is Malaria?

  Infectious

  Non-Contagious

  Tropical Disease
• Where is Malaria concentrated in?

  Africa, Latin America, South and Southeast Asia
• How many people/countries are at risk of Malaria?

  3.2 Billion people

  97 countries
• What type of mosquito transmits Malaria?

  Anopheles mosquito
• Where do Anopheles Mosquitoes thrive?

  thrive in warm, humid environments
• Where is Malaria absent?

  Cool and drier areas e.g. deserts/high mountains

  
  

  Large urban areas in the tropics in the US,Mexico,North Australia where effective public health measures have eliminated the disease.
• What is HIV/AID?


  Infectious and contagious disease spread via bodily fluids
• In 2015, how many people were infected by HIV globally?

  35 Million
• How is HIV distributed around the world?

  Unevenly
• Where are the highest concentrations on HIV?

  Sub-saharan african areas like Nigeria and south africa
• What type of disease is TB?

  Infectious and highly contagious disease associated with poverty and crowded spaces
• How many cases and deaths of TB were there in 2013?

  9 Million cases

  1.5 Million Deaths
• Where are most deaths of TB located?

  Present in all regions but 95% of deaths occur in low-middle income countries e.g. Africa
• What type of disease is Diabetes?

  Non-communicable disease

  Caused by deficiency of insulin

  Type 1 = develops in childhood and is genetic

  Type 2 = adulthood

  Linked to obesity, poor diet and physical inactivity