musculoskeletal function

• synarthrosis


  immovable joints
• amphiarthrosis


  allow limited movement
• diarthrosis


  freely movable
• sarcomere


  contractile unit of skeletal muscle that contain actin and myosin
• osteoblasts


  function in bone formation
• osteocytes


  mature bone cells that function in bone maintenance
• osteoclasts


  multinuclear cells that function in destroying, resorbing, and remodelling bone
• osteogenesis


  process of bone formation
• ossification


  process of formation of the bone matrix and deposition of minerals
• vitamin D


  helps absorbs calcium for bone strength and hardness
• cast


  rigid, external immobilizing device used to immobilize a reduced fracture
• 6 p's (compartment syndrome)

  pain, paresthesia, poikilothermia, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness
• external fixation device


  used to manage open fractures with soft-tissue damage
• traction


  application of pulling force to a part of the body
• types of skin traction

  skin traction and skeletal traction
• joint replacements


  used to treat severe joint pain and disability and for repair and management of joint fractures or joint necrosis
• no of bones in the body

  206
• functions of musculoskeletal system

  protection of vital organs, mobility and movement, facilitate return of blood to the heart, production of blood cells, reservoir for immature blood cells, reservoir, for vital minerals
• muscles


  attached to bones and other structures by tendons
• bone healing stages


  hematoma and inflammation, angiogenesis and cartilage formation, cartilage calcification, cartilage removal, bone formation, remodeling
• angiogenesis


  growth of blood vessels
• joint replacement


  arthroplasty
• bisphosphonates


  common medication used to treat Paget's disease
• osteomalacia

  softness of bone
• cause of osteomalacia


  inadequate mineralization of bone tissue
• osteoporosis


  weakens the bone; deterioration of bone mass over time
• primary osteoporosis 


  failure to develop optimal peak bone mass and low vitamin D levels
• secondary osteoporosis


  result of meds/diseases that affect bone metabolism
• bone tumors 


  neoplastic abnormal growth of tissue in bone
• 2 classifications of bone tumors

  benign and malignant
• benign bone tumors


  well-circumscribed, encapsulated
• malignant bone tumors


  metastasize, rare and arise from connective/supportive tissue cells or bone marrow elements
• osteochondroma


  benign bone tumor which affects the large bone projection; found near the ends of long bones
• bone cysts


  expanding lesions within the bone; fluid-filled cavity within a bone
• osteoid osteoma 


  painful tumor long bones
• echondroma


  tumor of hyaline cartilage
• giant cell tumor


  benign but locally aggressive
• osteosarcoma


  most common malignant bone tumor and most fatal
• chondrosarcoma 


  malignant bone tumor that develops from cartilage cells
• osteomyelitis


  infection of the bone