BIOLOGY (UPCAT)

• Plant cell


  The most basic unit of life in all plants
• Major structures of the plant cell

  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Central vacuole
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Ribosomes
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplast
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Centrosomes
• Cell wall


  • Rigid structure made of cellulose
  • Provides strength and structural support to the cell and plant
  • Permeable, allows fluid to move freely
• Cell membrane


  • Separates the cell from the environment outside the cell
  • Also known as the phospholipid bilayer
  • Has structures to allow for selective inflow and outflow of water and other molecules and compounds
• Cytoplasm


  Everything within the confines of the cell membrane including all organelles, proteins and other structures
• Central vacuole


  • Used for storage
  • Plays a large role in plant shape and stability
  • Gives plants turgor pressure
• Golgi apparatus


  • The packaging and shipping center of the cell
  • Modifies molecules and proteins produced by the cell and sends them in vesicles to be shipped out of the cell
• Ribosomes


  • Small structures throughout the cell made up of proteins and RNA
  • Responsible for translating RNA into proteins for use in and out of the cell
  • Found freely floating in the cell or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  • Rough ER aids in the production and storage of proteins made on the ribosomes attached to it
  • Smooth ER does not contain ribosomes and is involved in the production of lipids and aids in detoxification
• Nucleus


  • The center of the cell in function
  • Where DNA is stored and protected
  • DNA is read by special proteins and transcribed into RNA to be translated into proteins
• Mitochondria


  • The powerhouse of the cell
  • Where cells and organisms get the energy to function
  • Main producer of ATP, the energy currency of the cell
• Chloroplast


  • Converts energy from sunlight and uses it to form basic carbohydrate compounds
  • The source of usable energy for nearly all living organisms
• Cytoskeleton


  • The structure and framework of the cell
  • Contains a vast infrastructure of microtubules and microfilaments
  • Gives cells their shape and structural support
• Centrosomes


  • Usually located near the nucleus
  • Responsible for the production of microtubules
  • Play a critical role in mitosis, moving to the ends of the cell and helping it divide
• what type of cell is described by this concept map?

  Plant cell

  
• Cellular Respiration

  -Mitochondria creates ATP molecules that provide energy to all cell activities
• Animal cell


  The most basic unit of life in all animals including humans and insects
• Major structures of the animal cell

  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Ribosomes
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Centrosomes
  • Lysosomes
  • Vacuoles
  • Peroxisomes
• Cell membrane


  • Separates the cell from the environment outside the cell
  • Also known as the phospholipid bilayer
  • Has various structures to allow for the inflow and outflow of water and other molecules and compounds
• Cytoplasm


  Everything within the confines of the cell membrane including all organelles, proteins and other structures
• Golgi apparatus


  • The packaging and shipping center of the cell
  • Modifies molecules and proteins produced by the cell and sends them in vesicles to be shipped out of the cell
• Ribosomes


  • Small structures throughout the cell made up of proteins and RNA
  • Responsible for translating RNA into proteins for use in and out of the cell
  • Found freely floating in the cell or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  • Rough ER aids in the production and storage of proteins that are made on the ribosomes attached to it
  • Smooth ER does not contain ribosomes and is involved with the production of lipids and aids in detoxification
• Nucleus


  • The center of the cell where DNA is stored and protected
  • DNA is read by special proteins and transcribed into RNA to be translated into proteins
  • Information that comes out of the nucleus determines how the cells function and ultimately how genes are manifested
• Mitochondria


  • The powerhouse of the cell where cells and organisms get their energy to function
  • The main producer of ATP, the energy currency of the cell
• Cytoskeleton


  • The structure and framework of the cell
  • Contains a vast infrastructure of microtubules and microfilaments
  • Gives cells their shape and structural support
• Centrosomes


  • Usually located near the nucleus
  • Responsible for the production of microtubules
  • Play a critical role in mitosis by moving to the ends of the cell and helping it divide
• Lysosomes


  Contain digestive enzymes and are responsible for recycling old molecules, proteins and structures
• Vacuoles


  Membrane-bound storage containers
• Peroxisomes


  Contain oxidative enzymes that aid in digestion
• Eukaryotic Cell

  • Found in animal and plant cells.
  • has nucleus
• Prokaryotic Cell

  • Unicellular organism
  • e.g Bacteria
• Sort the diagrams

  according to

  chronological

  sequence.?

  32514

  
• Mitosis - seperation of nucleus
• Cytokinesis - seperation of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells
• M phase


  The fourth and final phase of the cell cycle, where cell division occurs through mitosis and cytokinesis
• Mitosis


  Division of the nucleus
• Cytokinesis


  Division of the cytoplasm
• Phases of the cell cycle

  • G1
  • S
  • G2
  • M
• Mitosis


  1. Prophase

  2. Metaphase

  3. Anaphase

  4. Telophase