Globalisation

• Castells

  • Argues that there is now a global crime economy taking a number of forms:
  • Arms trafficking
  • Trafficking Nuclear Materials
  • Smuggling of illegal immigrants
  • Sex tourism
  • Cyber-crimes
  • Trafficking in body parts
  • Green Crime
  • Money Laundering
  • Drug trade
  • International terrorism
• Globalisation, Capitalism and Crime

  Taylor

  • Globalisation has led to changes in the pattern and extent of crime.
  • By gaining free reign to market forces, globalisation has created greater inequality and rising crime.
  • Materialistic culture where the media promotes success in terms of lifestyle and consumption
  • Criticism: Not all working class commit crime
• Global Risk Consciousness

  Beck

  • Insecurities surrounding global risks, e.g movement of people such as asylum seekers immigrants.
  • Brought about attempts at international cooperations, e.g ’wars on terror’
• Global Criminal Economy

  Held

  • Crime increases across national boarders, there are new opportunities for new offenders and cyber crimes.
  • Growth of international law to cope with this, Held describes this as ‘cosmopolitan law’ defines and limits the political power of international state
  • Example: Human rights: civil and political rights, freedom of speech.
• Hobbs and Dunnngham

  • Crime changed due to globalisation criminals now extend their networks and illegal activities across national boundaries.
  • Argue crime is rooted in the local still, but has international links - Glocal
• Misha Glenny

  McMafia

  • Social structure of organised criminal underworld
  • McMafia - like McDonalds - Global brand with a huge economic output.
  • When ex soviet union countries collapsed during transition to capitalism, vacuum was rapidly filled by organised crimes
  • Rise of criminal network, transport goods and people.