All materials, structures and products have to withstand various stresses as forces are applied
These forces include:
Tension
Compression
Torsion
Bending
Shear
Static and dynamic loads
A static load does not move and will exert far less stress than a dynamic load
Force = Mass X Acceleration
Designers have to consider the speed behind the force as well as the type of force
Tension
a force that is pulling objects apart
Compression
a force that is trying to push things together or squash them
Torsion
Twisting an object
Bending
Stiffness is the ability of a material to resist being bent out of shape, Some products and materials are designed to have a certain degree of stiffness to perform their function
Shear
A shear force occurs when opposite forces act on an object in a direction perpendicular to its length
