RS Year 9 EOY 2024

• Moses


  
  

  Moses, a Hebrew baby, was saved from death by being placed in a basket and found by the pharaoh's daughter. He was raised as a prince but later fled and became a shepherd. God spoke to him through a burning bush, instructing him to free the Israelites. After the pharaoh refused, God sent ten plagues, and on the tenth plague, the pharaoh released the Israelites. Moses led them through the parted Red Sea to safety.
• Kindertransport


  A line of trains used to rescue children and evacuate them to England, helped 10,000 children escape from Germany, 'kinder' in German means 'children', some older children went to live in hostels, younger children were sent to live with foster families
• Culpability


  The quality of being culpable - deserving blame for a crime or wrongdoing, when someone is described as culpable for something, it means that it's their fault or that they are guilty of it, the guilt or blame that a person deserves
• Abraham's Covenant With God

  An agreement/promise between two or more parties, the covenant made between God and Abraham was that Abraham and his descendents would always obey God, in return, God would guide them and give them the Land of Israel
• The covenant was broken because many Jews broke the Commandments and didn't follow God wholly and full-heartedly, many lied, murdered, stole and committed blasphemy, many were poly-theistic as well, which broke the bond and trust that was made, they left Israel and were scattered all over the globe, leaving the Holy land that God gave them
• Denominations


  Subgroups within a religion that operate under a common name, tradition and identity, Judaism has Orthodox and Reform Jews
• Kashrut


  Jewish food laws, Mitzvot: Commandments regarding the laws, Kosher: Food that Jews are allowed to eat, Terefah: Food that Jews aren't allowed to eat
• Shechita


  Kosher slaughter

  • Kills animals with a quick, deep stroke across the throat with a sharp knife.
  • The knife must be drawn across the throat by using forwards and backwards movements, not by hacking or pressing.
  • the animal is rendered unkosher because the oesophagus or trachea are torn in the slaughtering process
• Rituals in Judaism


  Celebrate and mark important stages in life, birth, coming of age, marriage, and death, known as rites of passage, important because they help both the person going through the ritual and the wider community hosting the ritual to come to terms with a change that happened
• Bar Mitzvah


  A boy coming of age and becoming a son of God/a Jewish adult, happens when a boy is 13 years of age, the boy reads from the Torah, receives gifts and a congratulatory meal, their father recites a prayer of thanks to God, the Torah is read so that the boy becomes closer to God and the community and also so that they are able to join the minyan and make decisions about their community
• Bat Mitzvah


  A girl coming of age and becoming a daughter of God/a Jewish adult, happens around a girl's 12th birthday, girls have a Bat Mitzvah to welcome them into Jewish adulthood and officially show the wider community that they are now a woman
• Anti-Semitism


  The prejudice against or hatred of Jews, examples: Swastika, Nazi symbols, thinking that all Jews are rich and/or cheap, a jewish person being assaulted or attacked, jokes about the holocaust, anti-jewish vandalism and anti semitic comments made on social media, the Nazi's adopted the swastika in 1920, after WW1, lots of nationalist movements adopted the swastika, it was associated with a racially 'pure' state
• Evil


  The opposite of good; a negative power
• Suffering


  When mental or physical pain is caused by something
• Responsibility


  Duty, the idea that we are in charge of our own actions
• Free Will


  Having the ability to choose our own actions
• Unjust


  Unfair or not right
• Types of Evil


  • Natural evil: earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, tsunamis, tornadoes, lightning
  • Moral evil: murder, discrimination, abuse, lying, stalking, cheating, stealing
  • Both: famine, illnesses, flooding, poverty, pollution
• Qualities of God


  Eternal: God has existed and always will exist, Omnipresent: Always present, Omniscient: All knowing, Omnipotent: All powerful, Omnibenevolent: All loving, Perfect: God can do no wrong, Judge: God judges everyone's lives
• Inconsistent Triad


  J.L Mackie's theory that only two of the following can co-exist: God being omnibenevolent, omnipotent, and evil existing
• St Augustine's Solution


  People had been originally created good by God, but he had given us free will, the idea that Adam and Eve deciding to eat the apple from the forbidden tree in the Garden of Eden was the first time that bad, evil and suffering entered the world, that suffering passed through the generations to the world that we have today
• John Hick & Irenaeus' Solution


  God created the world as a sort of proving ground, in which people can gradually grow and develop, you are made in God's image but must grow into his likeness, natural and moral evil is seen as 'character building for the soul', while mistakes like murder and war often result in suffering, it would deny people the chance to learn and develop if God prevented this suffering
• The Christian Response - The Story of Job

  Job's story teaches us that while God tests us and can be the reason for hardships in life, Job didn't turn against him and therefore we shouldn't either, no matter the hardships and struggles in life, Job's story shows them to keep believing in God because humans see is just a speck of what he sees
• The Buddhist Response - The Four Noble Truths

  The first noble truth is called Dukkha, which says that life has inevitable suffering - life is hard and things often go badly where we experience struggles, anguish and pain, the second noble truth is called Samudaya, which says that there is a cause to all our suffering - the root of suffering is greed, ignorance and hatred, the third noble truth is Nirodha, which says that there is an end to our suffering - in order to get rid of suffering we must stop craving things and being attached, the fourth and final noble truth is Magga, which says that the way to end suffering is through the Eightfold Path
• Dukkha


  The first noble truth in Buddhism, which says that life has inevitable suffering - life is hard and things often go badly where we experience struggles, anguish and pain
• Samudaya


  The second noble truth in Buddhism, which says that there is a cause to all our suffering - the root of suffering is greed, ignorance and hatred
• Nirodha


  The third noble truth in Buddhism, which says that there is an end to our suffering - in order to get rid of suffering we must stop craving things and being attached
• Magga


  The fourth and final noble truth in Buddhism, which says that the way to stop suffering is by following the eightfold path - 8 things that are necessary to achieve enlightenment/nirvana
• The Four Noble Truths


  Four teachings which gave Buddhists the opportunity to examine and reflect upon why they are suffering in life
• In Buddhism, desire and ignorance are at the root of suffering. By desire, Buddhists refer to craving pleasure, material goods, and immortality, all of which are wants that can never be satisfied. As a result, desiring them can only bring suffering.
• The key message of the story of the good samaritan


  To love your neighbour as you love yourself and not to discriminate between those you like and those you don't. Christians believe that you should always forgive people, even if they do wrongdoings toward you.
• Zakat


  Muslims must give 2.5% of their income to the less fortunate to help their Ummah (community)
• The Ten Commitments of Humanism

  • Empathy
  • Critical thinking
  • Ethical development
  • Peace and social justice
  • Service and participation
  • Altruism
  • Humility
  • Environmentalism
  • Global awareness
  • Responsibility
• Ethics


  The branch of knowledge that deals with moral principles. They affect how people make decisions and lead their lives.
• Moral act


  Something good or acceptable, it is something that a person should do
• Immoral act


  Something bad (a sin) and something that a person shouldn't do
• Non-moral act


  Something that is neither good nor bad, just a simple choice
• Absolutism


  The belief that actions are simply good or bad in themselves regardless of their consequences
• Relativism


  The belief that no action is good or bad definitively and that it depends on the situation and the circumstances and also the action's consequences
• Utilitarianism


  Doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people