Animal Cell

• Animal cells are eukaryotic cells, or cells with a membrane-bound nucleus.
• Organelles - different parts of a cell.
• Cell membrane - composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and carbohydrates.
• Semi-permeable membrane - allows oxygen and CO2 to enter
• Microvilli are finger-like folds cell membrane that boost the cell's absorption function
• Microvilli (Microvillus) - increases the cell's surface area
• Cytoplasm - Fluid containing cytosol that fills the cell. This is where the molecules first pass through after entering or before exiting the cell membrane. This is also where the organelles are found and move freely.
• Cytosol - Fluid that contains electrolytes. This is the site of cytosolic activities like signal transduction, DNA transcription and replication, glycolysis, enzyme activities, etc.
• Electrolytes - substance that produces electrically conducting solutions, metabolites, and other substances produced during metabolism.
• Glycolysis - conversion of glucose into another form.
• Cytoskeleton - provides the structure or shape of the cell. It has three major filaments (microfilament, microtubule, and Intermediate filament)
• Microfilament - composed of actin (contractile protein) and is about 7 nanometer
• Microtubule - composed of tubulin (globular proteins) and is about 25 nanometer
• Intermediate filament - provides tensile strength in the cell and is about 10 nanometer.
• Centrioles - come in pairs and are at right angles with each other. They help in the separation and transfer of chromosomes.
• Centrosome - it is where microtubules get organized
• Spindle Fibers - they are essential to separating chromosomes during cell division.
• Nucleus (Plural: Nuclei) - The control center of the cell
• Nuclear Envelope - The outer boundary of the nucleus
• Nucleoplasm - the substance inside the nuclear envelope
• Chromatin - The substance within the nucleoplasm. It is the combination of DNA and proteins
• DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid
• Nuclear Pore - The entry and exit point of cell substances
• Nucleolus - the membrane-free organelle found inside the nucleus. It is usually spherical in shape and is important in creating the ribosomes.