PARTS OF SPEECH

• Noun


  It is a naming word. It names a person, place, thing, idea, living creature, quality, or action.

  
  

  Examples: lawyer, Korea, box, thought, tree
• Pronoun


  It is used to modify a noun, to avoid repeating the noun.

  
  

  Examples I, you, he, she, it, we, they
• Verb


  It is a word which describes an action (doing something) or a state (being something)

  
  

  Examples: walk, talk, think, believe, live, like
• Adjective


  It is a word that describes a noun. It tells you something about the noun.

  
  

  Examples: big, yellow, thin, amazing, adorable
• Adverb


  It is a word that describes a verb, an adjective, or an adverb itself. It tells you how, when, or where something is done.

  
  

  Examples: Intelligently, well, yesterday, here
• Preposition


  usually comes before a noun, pronoun or noun phrase. It joins the noun to some other part of the sentence.

  
  

  Examples: on, in, by, with, under, through, at
• Conjunction


  joins two words, phrases, clauses, or sentences together.

  
  

  Examples: but, so, and, because, or
• Interjection


  can stand alone on its own. It expresses emotion and are usually followed by an exclamation mark.

  
  

  Examples: Ouch!, Hello!, Hurray!, Oh no!, Hi!
• Article


  It is used to introduce a noun.

  
  

  Examples: the, a, an
• Noun


  It is a naming word. It names a person, place, thing, Idea, living creature, quality, or action.

  
  

  Examples: lawyer, Korea, box, thought, tree
• 1. Common Nouns

  2. Proper Nouns

  3. Concrete Nouns

  4. Abstract Nouns

  5. Count Nouns

  6. Mass Nouns

  7. Collective Nouns

  8. Compound Nouns


  8 Kinds of Nouns
• Common Nouns


  refer to persons, places, things, or ideas in al general sense. The first letter is NOT capitalized unless it is the first word in a sentence

  
  

  Examples: table, book, city
• Proper Nouns


  denote specific names of persons, places, things, or ideas. The first letter is always capitalized

  
  

  Examples: Andrew, Paris, Safe Haven
• Concrete Nouns


  name anything or anyone that can be perceived through your physical senses touch, sight, taste, hearing, or smell.

  
  

  Examples: computer, water, air
• Abstract Nouns


  name anything which you cannot perceive through your five physical senses. It is usually ideas and emotions.

  
  

  Examples: laughter, honesty, justice
• Count Nouns


  name objects that can be counted individually.

  
  

  Examples cars, friends, years
• Mass Nouns


  name objects that cannot be counted individually. To pluralize a ________, quantifiers (eg kilo or bag) or determiners (e.g. much or enough) are added before the noun.

  
  

  Examples: rice, coffee, oxygen
• Collective Nouns


  denote groups or collections of objects considered as a single complete whole. It is similar to a non-countable noun, and is roughly the opposite of a count noun.

  
  

  Examples: flock, jury, committee
• Compound Nouns


  name anything that consists of two or more words put together. They can be written in solid, spaced, or hyphenated form.

  
  

  Examples: schoolboy, milk tea, sister-in-law
• 1. Masculine Nouns

  2. Feminine Nouns

  3. Common Nouns

  4. Neutral Nouns


  4 Gender of Nouns
• Masculine Nouns


  refer to nouns of the male kind.

  
  

  Examples: sorcerer, actor, stallion
• Feminine Nouns


  refer to nouns of the female kind.

  
  

  Examples: sorceress, actress, mare
• Common Nouns


  refer to nouns which may be either male or female.

  
  

  Examples: student, baker, child
• Neutral Nouns


  refer to nouns which have no gender

  
  

  Examples: street, peace, corn
• Subject


  what is being talked about in the sentence

  
  

  Example: The [house] was wrecked.
• Predicate Noun


  usually placed after the verb and answers the question what or who, it is the same person or thing as the subject

  
  

  Example: The prince became a [beggar].
• Direct Object


  the receiver of the action indicated by the verb and answers the question what or whom, represents a person or thing different from the subject unlike the predicate noun

  
  

  Example: The girl lost the [bag].
• Indirect Object


  tells to whom or to what, or for whom or for what something was done.

  
  

  Example: Kate bought [Dianne] a new purse.
• Object of the Preposition


  answers the question what or whom after the preposition

  
  

  Example: The murderer found shelter in the [forest].
• Appositive


  another name for the same person or thing represented by the subject

  
  

  Example: My friend, the [accountant], has just arrived.
• Objective Complement


  added to the direct object to complete the meaning expressed by the verb; without it the sentence would then become vague and incomplete

  
  

  Example: We made Lea the [manager].
• Nominative Absolute


  this kind of construction is made up of a noun followed by a participle; when a noun used absolutely with a participle is placed at the beginning of a sentence, it must be carefully distinguished from a noun used as subject of the verb.

  
  

  Example: The [guests] being hungry, dinner was served.
• Direct Address


  refers to the name or word by which a person is addressed, usually set off by a comma.

  
  

  Example: [Kendra], it is time to eat.
• 1. Personal Pronouns

  2. Reflexive Pronouns

  3. Demonstrative Pronouns

  4. Relative Pronouns


  Kinds of Nouns
• Personal Pronouns


  distinguished by person
• First Person


  refers to the person speaking or doing the action
• Second Person


  refers to the person or people being spoken or written to.
• Nominative Case


  used when the pronoun is part of the subject or the predicative nominative.

  
  

  Examples:

  • [She] recently won in a prestigious beauty pageant. (subject)

  
  

  • The participants are [they] (predicative nominative or predicate noun)
• Objective Case


  used when the pronoun is part of:

  i. the direct object

  Example: The audience adores [her].

  
  

  ii. the Indirect object

  Example: He scolded [him] for breaking his rules.

  
  

  iii. the object of the preposition

  Example: She will sacrifice everything for [them].
• Possessive Case


  used to show ownership or possession.

  
  

  Examples:

  The small house behind the lake is [ours] (pronoun).

  
  

  He reads [my] blog everyday. (pronominal adjective)