UNIT 4: Periodic Table

• Law of Octaves


  states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic masses, then every eighth element has properties similar to that of the first element.
• Mendeleev


  produced the first successful periodic table
• Moseley


  arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic number.
• Period or Series


  horizontal rows
• Group/Family


  vertical rows
• Group IA

  Alkali Metals
• Group IIA

  Alkali Earth Metals
• Group IIIA

  Boron Family
• Group IVA

  Carbon Family
• Group VA

  Nitrogen Family
• Group VIA

  Oxygen Family
• Group VIIIA or Zero

  Noble gases
• Transition Elements


  What are these?

  
• Lathanoids


  What are these?

  
• Actinides


  What are these?

  
• Alkali Metals


  What are these?

  
• Noble gases


  what are these?

  
• Alkali Earth Metals


  What are these?

  
• Metal elements have 3 or less e- in the outer energy level.
• Properties of Metals:

  1. high density
  2. high melting point
  3. good conductors
• Non-metal elements have 5 or more e- in the outer energy level.
• Properties of Non-metals:

  1. low density
  2. low melting point
  3. poor conductors
• Metalloid elements are adjacent to the ladder like line in the periodic table.
• Atomic radius


  the total distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost orbital of its electron.
• Electron affinity.


  Measure of the attraction between the incoming electron and the nucleus.
• Ionization energy


  Energy needed to remove an electron from an atom.
• Electronegativity


  Tendency of an atom to attract electrons.