Lexis and Grammar

• Auxiliary verbs are verbs that help the main verb of the sentence.
• A common noun refers to a place or concept but nothing specific. For example, 'children'.
• A proper noun refers to the names of specific concepts.
• A singular noun refers to a noun which refers to one thing.
• A plural noun refers to multiple things.
• A collective noun refers to a group of people or things written like a list.
• An appositive noun is a noun that comes after another noun to provide more information about it.
• A personal pronoun takes the place of a person's name. For example, I, sister, parent.
• A possessive pronoun shows ownership. For example, 'mine'.
• A demonstrative pronoun indicates the person or thing that we're referring to. For example, this, that, these.
• An interrogative pronoun is found at the start of an interrogative sentence. For example, what, who, when, why.
• An attributive adjective comes before the noun and a predicative adjective comes after the noun.
• A comparative adjective compares two things. For example, 'You are more stupid than him'. 'She is prettier than him'.
• A superlative adjective is the highest degree of comparison. Ends in '-est' or have 'most' in front. For example, 'The smartest person alive.'
• A material verb is physical actions. For example, 'punch'.
• A dynamic verb is an action that causes a change. For example, 'burn'.
• A mental verb describes thoughts and feelings. For example, 'think'.
• A progressive verb is an material verb but continuous and ends in 'ing'.
• Adverb of manner refers to how an action is performed.
• Adverb of time refers to when an action occurs. For example, ‘now’ and ‘yesterday’.
• Adverb of frequency is how often an action happens. For example, ‘always’.
• Adverb of degree refere to the extent to which an action happens. For example, ‘extremely’.
• Coordinating conjunctions refers to FANBOYS.
• Subordinating conjunction refers to anything that is not FANBOYS. For example, ‘If’.
• A defininte article is the word ’the’.
• An indefinite article is the word ‘a‘.
• An intensifier refers to a word or phrase that adds emphasis. For example, ‘extremely’.
• Denotation is the literal meaning of a word.
• Connotation is the associated meanings of a word.
• Euphemism refers to talking about a negative aspect, in a positive way
• A dysphemism refers to talking about a positive thing, in a negative way.