PAF - Finals

• Jungle


  An area located in the humid tropics, wherein the land is covered with such dense growth of trees or other types of associated vegetation
• Survival skills


  Techniques that a person may use in order to sustain life in any type of natural environment or built environment. These techniques are meant to provide necessities for human life which include water, food, and shelter
• Primary needs to survive in the jungle

  1. Water (W)
  2. Food (F)
  3. Shelter (S)
• Water


  • A human being can survive an average of three to five days without the intake of water. Find natural source of water immediately (e.g., rivers, raindrops, water from tree trunk or roots, etc.)
• Food


  • Plants are some of the easiest food source to find in the jungle, forest or desert because they are stationary and can thus be had without exerting much effort. Skills and equipment (such as bows, snares and nets) are necessary to gather animal food in the wild include animal trapping, hunting, and fishing. Other forms of jungle foods: Culinary root tubers, fruit, edible mushrooms, edible nuts, edible beans
• Shelter


  • Can range from a natural shelter, such as a cave, overhanging rock outcrop, or fallen-down tree, to an intermediate form of man-made shelter such as a debris hut, tree pit shelter, or snow cave, to completely man-made structures such as a tarp, tent, or longhouse
• Fire


  • a tool meeting many survival needs. The heat provided by a fire warms the body, dries wet clothes, disinfects water, and cooks food. It also provides psychological boost and the sense of safety and protection it gives. Fire may deter wild animals from interfering with a survivor, however wild animals may be attracted to the light and heat of a fire
• Types of navigation

  • Celestial navigation, using the sun and the night sky to locate the cardinal directions & to maintain course of travel
  • Using a map, compass or GPS receiver
  • Natural navigation, using the condition of surrounding natural objects (i.e. moss on a tree, snow on a hill, direction of running water, etc.)
• First aid


  • is the first and immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery. If possessing the required knowledge, naturally occurring medicinal plants, immobilize injured limbs, or even transport incapacitated comrades
• Common injuries

  • Bites from snakes, spiders and other wild animals (B from S, S, and other WA)
  • Hypothermia (too cold) and hyperthermia (too hot) - (H & H)
  • Infection through food, animal contact, or drinking non-potable water - (I through F, AC, or drinking NPW)
  • Poisoning from consumption of, or contact with poisonous plants or poisonous fungi (P from consumption of or contact with PP or PF)
  • Sprains, particularly of the ankle (S)
  • Vomiting (V)
  • Wounds, which may become infected (W, which may become I)
  • Bone fractures (BF)
  • Burns (B)
  • Drowsiness (D)
  • Headache (H)
  • Heart attack (HA)
• Basic survival kit

  • Knife (K)
  • Water container (WC)
  • Fire starting apparatus (FSA)
  • First aid kit (FAK)
  • Food obtaining device (snare wire, fish hooks, firearms, or other) - (FOD)
  • Flashlight (F)
  • Navigational aids (e.g., compass) - (NA)
  • Signaling or communications devices (e.g, flare gun, whistle, etc.) - (S or CD)
• Five greatest dangers of the jungle

  • Human error (HE)
  • Plant life (PL)
  • Wild life (WL)
  • Water (W)
  • Enemy (E)
• Tactical march


  Made when the enemy contact is imminent and the column must provide for its own security
• Administrative march


  Made when enemy contact is not imminent or when movement is protected by friendly forces or terrain barriers
• Force march


  Requires more than the normal effort in speed, exertion, hours marched, or a combination of these. (Although force marches impair the fighting capability of a unit, urgent conditions may require them)
• Characteristics of a good march

  • Troops arrive at their destination at a prescribed time (TAaTDaaPT)
  • The troops are still in a condition to execute their mission (TTaSiaCtETM)
• Factors that affect foot marching

  • Terrain, roads, defiles, snow, dessert (T, R, D, S, D)
  • The season of the year and weather condition (TSofYaWC)
  • Equipment carried by troops (ECbT)
  • The physical condition and mental attitude of the troops (TPCaMAotT)
• Requirements before the march

  • Good physical condition (GPC)
  • Inform the men (ITM)
  • Hot meal (HM)
  • Loads (L)
• Officer of the day


  Acting directly under the commanding officer. Responsible on a given day for the execution of all orders of the commanding officer relating to interior guard duty and other duties as may be assigned
• Guardhouse


  A building occupied by men detailed for interior guard duty. It is a guard tent or any other designated location for the headquarters of the guard
• Challenge


  Used to cause an unidentified party or person to halt and to be identified. If secret challenge is used, it follows the original challenge and consists of a word or distinctive sound
• Password


  A word or distinctive sound used to answer a challenge, identifies the person or party desiring to enter or pass and is always secret
• Countersign


  Consists of a secret challenge and a password. Words comprising the countersign are issued from the principal headquarters of a command to aid guards and sentinels in their scrutiny of person who apply to pass the lines
• Confinement officer


  A military police officer assigned to a stockade and charge with the security, administration, care, and custody of all prisons confined in the local stockade or hospital prisoner ward
• Relief


  The procedure whereby members of the post is relieved and members is posted in his place
• Relieved


  To direct any members of the guard to terminate the performance of duty
• Watch


  A period of time during which member of the guard performed the prescribed duties beginning where he is posted and terminated his duties
• Stockade


  A confinement facility under the jurisdiction of an instillation commander used for the confinement of military persons
• Special orders - 11 General Orders


  Orders promulgated by the commanding officers which prescribe the special duties for the main and special guards
• Shelter Considerations

  1. Location (away from hazards, near materials) L
  2. Insulation (from ground, rain, wind, air) I
  3. Personal or Group Shelter (P or GS)
  4. Heat Source (body heat or fire-heated) HS
• Other needs/skills to survive in the jungle

  1. Fire (F)
  2. Navigation (N)
• Navigation


  Survival situations can often be resolved by finding a way to safety, or a more suitable location to wait for rescue.
• Types of Marches

  1. Tactical March (TM)
  2. Administrative March (AM)
  3. Force March (FM)
• Interior Guard Duty

  1. Officer of the Day (OotD)
  2. Guardhouse (Gh)
  3. Challenge (C)
  4. Password (Pw)
  5. Countersign (Cs)
  6. Confinement Officer (CO)
  7. Relief (R)
  8. Relieved (R)
  9. Watch (W)
  10. Stockade (S)
  11. General Orders (Special Orders) GO/SO
• General Order No 11


  To be especially watchful at night and during the time for challenging, to challenge all persons on or near my post and to allow no one to pass without proper authority.