fundamentals of nursing

• theoretical foundations of nursing

  • theory - is a set of concepts that explains a phenomenon
  • paradigm - pattern
• 4 metaparadigms of nursing

  • person
  • health
  • environment
  • nursing
• concept of man

  • man is a bio-psychosocial and spiritual being, in constant contact with the environment
  • man is an open system in constant interaction with a changing environment
  • man is a unified whole composed of parts, which are interdependent and interrelated
• concept of man

  • man is composed of parts, which are greater than and different from the sum of all his parts.

  - simply saying, you cannot remove one system from a man
• concept of man

  • man is composed of subsystems and suprasystems

  -subsystem (within): biological, psychological, emotional

  -suprasystems (outside): family, community, population
• concepts of nursing

  • florence nightingale - act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery
• concepts of nursing

  • sister callista roy - theoretical system of knowledge that prescribe a process of analysis and action related to the care of the ill person
• concept of nursing

  • martha rogers - nursing is a humanistic science dedicated to the concern with maintaining and promoting health and preventing illness, caring for, and rehabilitating the sick and disabled


  levels of prevention

  • primary - health promotion and disease prevention
  • secondary - treatment, curative
  • tertiary - rehabilitation