HHD unit 3 AOS 2

• 3 MODELS OF HEALTH

  Biomedical, Social, Ottawa Charter
• BIOMEDICAL


  Approach to healthcare that focuses on the PHYSICAL and BIOLOGICAL aspects of disease and illness, and includes the science of DIAGNOSING, CURING and TREATMENT of disease
• SOCIAL MODEL

  Takes into account the SOCIAL, CULTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL and ECONOMIC determinants that AFFECT HEALTH and PRODUCE INEQUITIES within the population rather than disease of injury itself
• OTTAWA CHARTER


  Developed from the social model of health. It allows people to GAIN greater CONTROL over and enhance their health. Doesn't focus on an in individual, but rather involve the POPULATION in activities in context with their own lives to PROMOTE health and PREVENT ill health
• PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL MODEL


  A.R.E.A.S
• HEALTH


  A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• HEALTH PROMOTION


  Process of enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve health
• PRINCIPLES OF OTTAWA CHARTER

  Enable, Mediate, Advocate
• KEY ACTION AREAS OF THE OTTAWA CHARTER

  B.C.S.D.R
• OTTAWA CHARTER PREREQUISITES OF HEALTH

  Peace, Shelter, Education, Food, Income, Stable eco-system, Sustainable resources, Social justice, Equity
• BUILD HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY

  Laws, rules, regulations that leads to improvement in health.
• CREATING SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS


  Creating kids playgrounds free from hazards, provide adequate shade to play in a safe environment.
• STRENGTHENING COMMUNITY ACTION


  Communities working together with individuals to help set priorities, make decisions and plan
• DEVELOPING PERSONAL SKILLS


  Providing information, education for health, and enhancing life skills
• REORIENTATING HEALTH


  Many stakeholders working together towards a health care system
• ENABLE

  Allowing people to reach their full health potential
• MEDIATE


  Coordinated action by all concerned
• ADVOCATE


  Media campaigns, public speaking, conducting and publishing research
• MEDICARE


  Australia's universal health insurance scheme introduced in 1984 by the Federal Government. It's aim is to make quality health care more affordable and accesssible for ALL Australians.
• MEDICARE LEVY


  1.5% tax placed on the taxable income of most tax payers to fund healthcare system
• MEDICARE LEVY SURCHARGE

  Additional 1 - 1.5% on top of 1.5% levy placed on taxable income for individuals earning above a certain income. Only paid if these individuals don't have private health insurance, HENCE encourages these individuals to take out private hospital cover and reduce the demand on the public Medicare system.
• SCHEDULE FEE


  Amount Medicare will contribute to a health serice.
• BULK BILLING


  Bulk Billing is where the Doctor bills Medicare directly and accepts the Medicare payment as full payment. Meaning there is NO out of pocket expense for the patient.
• OUT OF POCKET EXPENSE (CO-PAYMENT)


  If doctor charges more than the scheduled fee. The individual will have to pay the rest
• PHARMACEUTICAL BENEFITS SCHEME (PBS)


  Introduced in 1948 to SUBSIDISE the cost of a wide range of prescription MEDICATIONS, to ensure ACCESS to vital medications at AFFORDABLE prices
• PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE


  There are two forms of PHI, they are HOSPITAL COVER and ANCILLARY (EXTRAS) COVER. Members pay a PREMIUM in return for SUBSIDISED PAYMENT towards SERVICES NOT covered by MEDICARE.
• PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE INCENTIVES

  1. Lifetime health cover

  2. Private Health Insurance rebate

  3. Medicare Levy Surcharge
• LIFETIME HEALTH COVER


  Encourages people to take out hospital insurance earlier in life (Before 31). If you choose to take up PHI after this age, you pay a 2% loading on top of the cost of the health insurance for every year they are aged over 30.
• PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE REBATE


  Initiative to encourage purchasing private health insurance that is income/age tested.
• MEDICARE LEVY SURCHARGE


  An additional tax paid by high income earners who do not have private health insurance. The amount of tax paid depends on income.
• AUSTRALIAN DIETARY GUIDELINES


  1. Provide INFORMATION for GENERAL POPULATION, EDUCATORS, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS regarding healthy food choices.

  
  

  2. MINIMISE RISK of development of DIET RELATED DISEASES , such as diabetes, obesity or hypertension etc.

  
  

  3. Highlight the groups of FOODS and LIFESTYLE PATTERNS that support good nutrition

  
  

  4. Highlights the RECOMMENDED number of SERVES per day for different AGE GROUPs, each SEX as well as PREGNANT and LACTATING WOMEN.
• AUSTRALIAN GUIDE TO HEALTHY EATING

  1. FOOD SELECTION MODEL incorporated as part of the DIETARY GUIDELINES.

  
  

  2. Provides clear guidance about PROPORTIONS of food that should be consumed from the 5 CORE FOOD groups consistent with the ADG.

  
  

  3. Demonstrates importance of CONSUMING a VARIETY of foods.

  
  

  4. Gives the INDIVIDUAL the ability to ASSESS their DIET.

  
  

  5. Advised to consume 'PLENTY OF WATER' and consume 'SMALL AMOUNTS of MONOUNSATURATED/ POLYUNSATURATED FATS'

  
  

  6. Limit "DISCRETIONARY FOODS' such as soft drinks, sweets, alcohol and full cream products
• Australian Dietary guideline 1

  To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious foods and drinks to meet your energy needs.
• Australian Dietary Guideline 2

  Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from these five food groups every day
• Australian Dietary Guideline 3

  Limit intake of foods containing saturate fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol.
• AGHE Grain Food group official name


  Grain (Cereal) foods, mostly wholegrain and/or high cereal fibre varieties
• AGHE Vegetable food group official name

  Vegetables and legumes/beans
• AGHE Fruit food group official name

  Fruit
• AGHE Dairy food group official name

  Milk, Yoghurt, Cheese and/or alternatives, mostly reduced fat
• AGHE Meat food group official name

  Lean meats and poultry, fish, eggs, tofu, nuts and seeds and legumes/beans