religious change

• Book of Homilies July 1547: provided clergy with model Sermons, book was to be placed in every church. Royal injunctions says services had to be in English, clergy preach every S#unday, English bible and images removed
• Dissolution of the chantries Nov-Dec 1547: revived from Henry 8s last parliament (1545) when act had been past but not enforces, attack on superstition, raise money for wars with Scotland '
• First book of Common Prayer become Law Jan 1549 under act of uniformity. Cranmer wrote it, mixture if protestant and catholic so only satisfied few. Services in English, communion in both kinds, clerical marriage, purgatory unclear, no prayers for dead, traditional robes, transubstantiation
• visitations (inspections) 1549- carried out by bishops, e.g.,. Bishop Hooper found out of 311 clergy, 10 could not recite Lord's prayer and 171 did not know ten commandments
• New Ordinal Jan 1550- revised procedure for ordination of priests, swear oath to saints and white surplice worn during procedure, Bishop Hooper opposed and ended in prison (later released)
• New treason act Jan 1442- offence to question royal supremacy, offence to question any beliefs of church
• Second book of common prayer Jan 1552- enforced in the second act of uniformity in April 1552. Highly protestant, produced by Cranmer. Eucharists now called the Lord's supper, traditional robes banned, altars replaced by communion tables, sign of cross abolished
• Second act of uniformity April 1552- became offence for clergy and laity not to attend Church services
• Forty-two articles- issued by Gov 9th June 1553 but never became parliamentary law, strongly protestant ideas
• Henry 8 did not plan for these radical changes to be introduced
• Edward was never able to play a strong part due to his age however protestant beliefs were well known and involved with second book of common prayer
• Somerset balanced approach which upset both Catholics and protestants
• Northumberland wanted political gain, removed all laws against clerical marriage and before his execution converted back to catholisim
• Cranmer key figurehead in English reformation: royal supremacy and driving force of protestant reformation
• John Hooper hostile leader of 'evangelical' protestant, force protestant nationwide, committed, imprisoned
• Ridley: cased hooper to be imprisoned
• Clergy; uneducated and sparse
• Between 1547-53 40 of Europe's reformers lived in England, invitation of Cranmer
• Martin Bucer arrived in 1549; popular and influenced Cranmer in second book of common prayer
• Edward's commission visited every county and dissolved 3000 chantries, 90 colleges
• Gardiner expressed opposition to services in English and imprisoned in tower.
• 1552 survey on Bishops and clergy found total untapped wealth of church was £1,087,978
• Miles Coverdale, translator of the great bible, became Bishop of Exeter in 1551> chaplain to the king
• 5% of Edward's chronicle is devoted to the subject of religion. Main religious control was control
• Edward liked long, complicated sermons and scribbed Greek notes as he listend
• pf 22 royal preachers, 20 were reforming bishops or evangelical preachers
• in April 1550 Spanish Ambassador reported that those around the king were advanced protestants
• easter 1547, Compline was sung in English in Chapel royal
• Black Rubric proclomation: explained that kneeling to recieve communion was for the sake of good order, not out of idolatry
• 1553 short catechism produced without Parliaments approval: catechism was manual for teaching main beliefs if church
• 1548 series of proclamations were issued to stop protestant unrest and state that transubstantiation and catholic policies could still be followed; creating more confusion in England
• 1547 treason act repealed; religion could be discussed freely
• royal visitations 1547: commissioners sent to bishoprics to examine state of church and doctrine
• 1547 chantries act: dissolved chantries and revived from Henry 8
• Feb 1548 all images to be removed from churches
• 1548 proclamation which stated only authorised clergy could preach
• 1549 parliament removed all laws against clerical marriage.
• 1549 proclamation issued destruction of images
• 1550: new reformed ordinal: detailed the ceremony to be followed when clergy ordained