exam

• Nucleus


  Part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
• Cell Membrane


  Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
• Nuclear Membrane


  Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)


  The transportation system of the cell. It moves materials around the cell
• Ribosomes


  Makes proteins
• Chloroplast


  Site of photosynthesis
• Golgi body


  A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell
• Vacoule


  An organelle that stores water, food or other substances; plant cells have a large central vacoule
• Lysosomes


  An organelle containing digestive enzymes
• Mitochondria


  Powerhouse of the cell
• Cell Cycle


  Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide (growth 1, synthesis, growth 2, mitosis)
• Growth 1


  Cell makes new molecules and grows larger
• Synthesis


  Replication of DNA
• Growth 2


  Cell prepares to divide
• Prophase


  Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms
• Metaphase


  Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
• Anaphase


  Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
• Telophase


  After the chromosome separates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis
• Cytokinesis


  Division of the cytoplasm and organelles
• Mitosis


  Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
• Meiosis


  Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms (gametogenesis)
• Meiosis 1


  Homologous chromosomes separate
• Meiosis 2


  Sister chromatids separate
• Prophase 1


  Crossing over occurs and a tetrad forms
• Metaphase 1


  Paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell (random assortment occurs here)
• Anaphase 1


  Homologous chromosomes separate (reduction division happens here)
• Telophase 1


  2 daughter cells are formed, each daughter cell contains only one chromosome of the homologous pair
• Prophase 2


  Centrioles are replicated and new spindle fibres attach to centromeres (no crossing over)
• Metaphase 2


  Chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate (no random assortment)
• Anaphase 2


  Sister chromatids separate
• Telophase 2


  Nuclear membrane reforms, cytoplasm divides, 4 daughter cells formed
• Gametogenesis


  The formation of sperm and ova
• Zygote


  First diploid body cell
• Reduction division


  A nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having one-half as many chromosome sets as the parental nucleus
• Random Assortment


  The chance distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells during meiosis
• Nucleotide


  The basic unit of DNA
• Complementary Base Pairings


  1. T (adenine-thymine); G-C (guanine-cytosine)
• DNA


  Deoxyribonucleic acid
• Gene


  A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
• Diploid Cell


  A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent. - Somatic Cells