PSYCH 1030: Chapter 4: Consciousness

• Alpha wave


  Type of relatively low frequency, relatively high amplitude brain wave that becomes synchronized; characteristic of the beginning of stage 1 sleep
• Biological rhythm


  Internal cycle of biological activity
• Cataplexy


  Lack of muscle tone or muscle weakness, and in some cases complete paralysis of the voluntary muscles
• Central sleep apnea


  Sleep disorder with periods of interrupted breathing due to a disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing
• Circadian rhythm


  Biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours
• Codeine


  Opiate with relatively low potency often prescribed for minor pain
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy


  Psychotherapy that focuses on cognitive processes and problem behaviors that is sometimes used to treat sleep disorders such as insomnia
• Collective unconscious


  Theoretical repository of information shared by all people across cultures, as described by Carl Jung
• Consciousness


  Awareness of internal and external stimuli
• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)


  Device used to treat sleep apnea; includes a mask that fits over the sleeper's nose and mouth, which is connected to a pump that pumps air into the person's airways, forcing them to remain open
• Delta wave


  Type of low frequency, high amplitude brain wave characteristic of stage 3 and stage 4 sleep
• Depressant


  Drug that tends to suppress central nervous system activity
• Euphoric high


  High feelings of intense elation and pleasure from drug use
• Evolutionary psychology


  Discipline that studies how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time as a result of natural selection
• Hallucinogen


  One of a class of drugs that results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences, often with vivid hallucinations
• Homeostasis


  Tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system
• Hypnosis


  State of extreme self-focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external stimuli
• Insomnia


  Consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep for at least three nights a week over a month's time
• Jet lag


  Collection of symptoms brought on by travel from one time zone to another that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment
• Latent content


  Hidden meaning of a dream, per Sigmund Freud's view of the function of dreams
• Lucid dream


  People become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content
• Manifest content


  Storyline of events that occur during a dream, per Sigmund Freud's view of the function of dreams
• Meditation


  Clearing the mind in order to achieve a state of relaxed awareness and focus
• Melatonin


  Hormone secreted by the endocrine gland that serves as an important regulator of the sleep-wake cycle
• Meta-analysis


  Study that combines the results of several related studies
• Methadone


  Synthetic opioid that is less euphorogenic than heroin and similar drugs; used to manage withdrawal symptoms in opiate users
• Methadone clinic


  Uses methadone to treat withdrawal symptoms is oplate users
• Methamphetamine


  Type of amphetamine that can be made from pseudoephedrine, an over-the-counter drag widely manufactured and abused
• Narcolepsy


  Sleep disorder in which the sufferer cannot resist falling to sleep at inopportune times
• Night terror


  Sleep disorder in which the sleeper experiences a sense of panic and may scream or attempt to escape from the immediate environment
• Non-REM (NREM)


  Period of sleep outside periods of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
• Obstructive sleep apnea


  Sleep disorder defined by episodes when breathing stops during sleep asa. result of blockage of the airway
• Opiate/opioid


  One of a category of drugs that has strong analgesic properties; opiates are produced from the resin of the opium poppy; includes heroin, morphine, methadone, and codeine
• Parasomnia


  One of a group of sleep disorders characterized by unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep
• Physical dependence


  Changes in normal bodily functions that cause a drug user to experience withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of une
• Pineal gland


  Endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases melatonin
• Psychological dependence


  Emotional, rather than a physical, need for a drug which may be used to relieve psychological distress
• REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)


  Sleep disorder in which the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur; sleepers have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep. expecially during disturbing dreams
• Restless leg syndrome


  Sleep disorder in which the sufferer has uncomfortable sensations in the legs when trying to fall asleep that are relieved by moving the legs
• Rotating shift work


  Work, schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis