Laws

• Law of Municipal Boundaries


  APRIL 1931 - Required Landowners (Latifundos) to hire workers from surrounding areas instead of cheaper labour migrant workers

  
  

  = agri workers now had more rights and strengthened their position + employment improved
• Law of Obligatory Cultivation


  MAY 1931 - Aimed to increase employment by making farmers and landowners to use their land for arable purposes- if not complied land was confiscated

  
  

  =Led to agri workers strengthened position but landowners leaning towards right wing parties now
• Separation of Church and State

  JUNE 1931

  ARTICLE 3 - Spain had no official Religion

  
  

  ARTICLE 26 - State didn't give economic aid to church

  
  

  ARTICEL 27 - Banned funeral processions and church bells

  
  

  ARTICLE 44 - Gave state the right to take away church property

  
  

  = Priests and clerks not in favour of republic and leaning towards right wing, m/c not happy with the republic as felt an attack on Spain's trad values
• Decree to Establish a new State


  JUNE 1931- Decree and elections for a constitution - caused the republic state
• Agrarian Reform Law


  1932- Redistribution of land = over 23 hectres owned would be bought by gov and re-distributed to help poor farmers - HOWEVER... Lack of funding, helped 10%, 1% of gov budget on this law only, landowners angry
• Catalan Statute


  1932- 99% votes from Catalan's to make Catalonia an autonomous state- gained the republic support from wealthy Catalonia

  However.... Nat's saw this as an attack on Spanish unity, Basque Country also started to demand for independence and republic couldn't give it to them so saw as unfair
• Review of Promotions


  Gave gov power to revoke the promotions of military officers awarded by Primo De Rivera- allowed new gov to purge supporters of the dictator - 500 officers out of positions
• The Labour Charter


  MARCH 1938 -Created a Spanish syndical organization - replaced trade unions- took away worker's rights and independence and gave it to industrialists and owners

  
  

  -Made inequality in spain even worse than before
• Clerical Laws


  MARCH - APRIL 1938- Strengthened the relationship between Nationalists and the church - persecution from republicans led the church to side with Franco

  
  

  -Control of primary education to the church

  -Church allowed to establish youth groups

  
  

  LED TO... Full support of church towards Nationalists and banning of other religions in Spain + let church have a privaliged position in society
• Press Law


  APRIL 1938- Francos state had strict censorship

  -Gov had full control of publishing's and could shut down any paper they thought to be immoral or threatening

  -Appointed own journalists

  
  

  LED TO... people not having different knowledge so stopped challenging of francos ideas and worked as propaganda
• Law of Political Responsibilities

  FEB 1939 - Criminalisation of any person involved in radical political activities since 1934- Allowed to remove enemies- Law made it illegal to have belonged to any CNT, UGT or Left-Wing political parties

  
  

  1/2 State budget to expand army and control to deal with political enemies- 1. exile 2. arrest 3. home arrest - falange and militia placed under army and police control
• Tribunal for the Repression of Freemasonary and Communism


  MARCH 1940- Purge of teachers, journalists and communists

  Information gathered on people

  -Frequency of church attendance

  -Political beliefs

  -Union memberships
• Law of Constituting the Cortes


  1942- Established a new cortes and gave it limited powers to make new laws- Franco couldn't make laws but put his advisors in the new cortes
• Charter of the Spanish

  1945- Se out the rights of the Spanish people - in reality didn't have legal rule and Franco's government ignored the legalities it set out
• National Referendum Law


  1945- Established that major changes in the government should be established by a referendum

  
  

  ...Shows Spain taking a more democratic approach despite Franco still being in power
• Law for Repression of Banditry and Terrorism


  1947- Gave gov and security forces wide powers to deal with threat of insecurity- law punished those suspected of aiding or harbouring resistance fighters
• Law of Leadership Succession

  1947- Law declared that Spain is a monarchy but didn't specify who the next king is - Franco would appoint the next king- allowed him to hold onto power but made Spain's future unclear

  
  

  -Needed succession after Franco due to his declining health otherwise with no ruler in place civil unrest and collapse of power would occur
• Law of the Principles of National Movement


  1958- Francos understanding of the relationship between the people and the state - also stated that the Spanish people had the right to a fair trial - gov ignored this right
• Law of Associations


  1964- Establishments of small non-political groups allowed - before 1964 only groups associated with the falange and the church were permitted

  
  

  ...Independent groups - became forums for people to express their frustrations about the government
• Press Act


  1966- Reversed some censorship to allow greater media freedom- newspapers not censored - journalists can investigate more- owners of newspaper's able to appoint their own editors

  
  

  ...People happier and felt more connected together, bought more freedom about but Franco seems to be losing control and power
• Organic Law of the State

  1967- Law reformed the Cortes and ensured that 20% of parliament was selected - independent political parties remained illegal - law established a 'separation of powers' to show Spain moving towards democracy

  
  

  
  

  ....After passing of the law Franco still remined to hold all the power
• Law of Family Representation

  1967- Allowed heads of families to vote- some women

  
  

  ...Step towards democracy
• Religious Freedom Act


  1967- Formally allowed to participate and recognise all of major world religions - Jewish Synagogues open in Madrid- Law allocated civil marriages outside of the church

  
  

  ..Church viewed this as a threat to its rule over Spain
• Social Menace and Rehabilitation Act


  1970- Established 're-education' clinics where gay men had electroshock therapy to try cure their homosexuality - limited to change due to Catholic church having a chokehold

  
  

  ...Catholic beliefs being supported by the gov and media but people started to decline away from such strong catholic messages
• General Law of Basic Education

  1970- Made education compulsory until 14 years old- boys and girls still had to follow segregated gender roles in schools -

  progress- literacy rates dropped 1940- 23% 1970- 12% - however 26% o higher education were women showing opportunities for higher achievement in women
• Democratisation Reform


  1976- Immediately after Suarez's appointment he committed his gov to democratic reform - legislation of political parties- elections June 1977 - appointed cabinet that would help democratic Spain - army support due to promise to not legalise the communist party
• Law for Political Reform


  1977- Laws that would later lead to a constitutional monarchy