Outbreak of war 1936

• Nationalist Support


  -More support in areas where monarchism was more influential e.g. Pamplona = Carlists, Monarchists and Falange gathered to destroy unions and supported the government

  -Catholic priest support

  -CEDA support

  -Catholic workers

  -Women

  -M/C
• Republican Support


  -Support ranged from centrists who were pro- democracy to anarchists who wanted to overthrow the government as a whole.

  -Anarchists sided with Republic as saw the threat of fascism as worse- believed that's what Franco's forces represented - MAKESHIFT DEMOCRACY

  -Anarchist ideas strong where anti-clericalism was wide-spread

  -Catalonia and Basque in support due to granting of independence and some workers due to trade unions and better working conditions

  -Peasants in hopes land reforms wouldn't be reversed
• Geographical Divisions


  Nationalists - Control of the North of the country- more agricultural land rather than industrial - had a small section in Southern Spain around Seville = SPANISH ARMY OF AFRICA were airlifted by German airlift and helped by Italian bombers.

  
  

  Republicans- Controlled South and East of Spain- Had support of Catalonia and Basque - Had Madrid and Barcelona and industrial areas so gained a lot ofIntern raw materials - but Spain wasn't self-sufficient so had to rely on foreign trade.
• International Response


  Republicans and Nationalists weren't prepared for a long civil war so needed help from other countries
• Britain and France


  Britain and France weren't that involved in the helping the Republic as didn't want reason for a wider European war

  -Britain's cabinet had ideological reasons as were afraid of communist revolution in Spain

  AND... Had 14% of their European investments in Spain so were afraid that if Republic gained full power would seize investments

  
  

  -France would only help is Britain also got involved - 1930's Britain and France followed a policy of APPEASEMENT to try and prevent war with Germany = Attempted to negotiate with Hitler to help Spain without starting a war with Germany
• Non- Intervention Pact


  France proposed a non-intervention pact as wanted to help Spain but didn't want to start a war with Germany

  - All major European powers signed (27 countries)

  -France knew that Republicans had a territorial and industrial advantage so hoped that this would get them to victory without supply of foreign aid

  -Italy and Germany ignored and continued to send aid to Franco so USSR sent to Republicans ,,,
• Germany and Italy


  Hitler and Mussolini provided extra assistance for Franco - July 1936 France had purchased from Germany:

  -6,000 Rifles

  -5 Million Bullets

  -10,000 Grenades

  -10,000 Men

  -Condor legion organised with fighter and bombing planes

  
  

  Italy:

  -130 Aircrafts

  -12,000 Machine Guns

  -2,500 Tonnes of Bombs

  -50,000 Men

  
  

  Both provided food and resources
• Soviet Union


  -500 Tonnes of Military hardware

  -500 Engineers (Helped to protect Madrid)

  -1,000 Tonnes of Ammunition

  
  

  -Continued to send aircrafts and tanks but eventually limited to avoid getting involved in a wider European conflict
• International Brigades


  Comintern organised International Brigade volunteers :

  
  

  -9,000 France

  -2,000 Britain

  -3,000 USA

  -35,000 IN TOTAL

  -Many supported to stop the spread of fascism but some did in light of hoping for communism