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• World English

  Also known as international English or global English, refers to the English language as it is variously used throughout the world
• Philippine English

  A variety of English languages native to the Philippines
• Standard English

  Form of English that is accepted as correct
• Common language


  Refers to words or phrases commonly understood by a group of people
• Multilingualism


  Generally understood to mean knowledge of more languages than a native language
• English


  Refers as lingua franca used in business, trade, diplomacy and other global activity
• Englishes


  Refers to the variety of English and English based creoles development in different regions of the world
• World of Englishes


  Describe all different varieties of English that exist worldwide
• Native English Speaking Teachers (NEST)


  Someone who speaks English as their first language rather than having learned it as a foreign language
• Non-Native English Speaking Teachers (NON-NEST)


  Refers to the growing body of English language teachers who speak English as a foreign or second language
• Kachru's Concentric Circle (Three Circles of English)

  A model to examine the presence of English in three concentric circles: Inner (origin speakers), Outer (English as their second language)
• Syntax


  The rules for the structure of a sentence, dealing with sentence organization, order of clauses, relationships between words, elements of a sentence, and which word combinations are acceptable
• Semantics


  The rules that determine the meaning of words
• Semiotics


  The study of signs, and semantics is the study of their meaning
• Lexeme


  A basic unit of meaning, the headwords in dictionaries
• Lexicon


  The component of a linguistic system which can be regarded as a list or network of words or lexical entries
• Lexical Semantic Relations


  The study of word meaning, involving either the internal semantic structure of words, or the semantic relations that occur within the vocabulary
• Synonym


  A word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase in the same language
• Antonyms


  Opposite words
• Relational


  Relationship like parent and child
• Gradable


  Measurable, like hot and cold
• Complementary


  Relationship like black and white
• Hypernymy


  General words that are a super set of another, hypernym is the name of a broader category
• Hyponymy


  One word is a subset of another word
• Homophones


  Words that sound similar but have different meanings and spellings
• Polysemy


  The coexistence of many possible meanings for a word or phrase
• Homographs


  Words with same spellings but different sounds and meanings
• Homonyms


  Words that have the same spellings and pronunciations but different meanings
• Meronymy


  Part of something, like fingers and nails
• Holonomy


  Name of the whole, like hands
• Collocation


  A word or phrase that is often used with another word or phrase, in a way that sounds correct to people who have spoken the language all their lives
• Pragmatics

  The study of language in the context of its use, describing the rules of communication, types of communication, and the intentions of communication
• Phoneticians


  Linguists who study phonetics
• Production


  The way humans make sounds
• Perception


  The way speech is being understood
• Articulatory Phonetics


  How the sounds are produced
• Acoustic Phonetics


  How the sounds are transmitted
• Auditory Phonetics


  How the sounds are received
• Phonetics


  The scientific or systematic study of human speech sounds
• Phonology


  The broader study of major speech sounds and their organization in a particular language