꒷꒦꒷science꒷꒦꒷

• What are carbohydrates used for?

  They provide energy
• What are lipids used for?

  They provide energy and insulation
• What are proteins used for?

  For growth and repair
• What are vitamins used for?


  To keep you healthy
• What are minerals used for?

  To keep you healthy
• Where is water needed in the human body?

  In cells
• What is fibre used for?

  To move food through the gut
• What does the word deficiency mean?

  A lack of something
• What does malnourished mean?


  Insufficient or improper food intake
• Words beginning with "neuro-" relate to what?

  The brain
• Words beginning with "optic-" relate to what?

  The eye and sight
• Give two examples of food rich in carbohydrates.

  Bread, pasta, rice
• Give two examples of food rich in lipids.

  Oil, butter
• Give two examples of food rich in proteins.

  Meat, fish
• Give two examples of food rich in vitamins.

  Fruit and vegetables
• Give two examples of food rich in minerals.

  Meat, fish, cereal, milk
• Give two examples of food rich in fibre.

  Wholgrain bread, cereal, pasta and vegetables
• What does 'starvation' mean?

  Loss of body mass from eating less energy than required.
• What does 'obesity' mean?

  Gain of body mass from eating more than required.
• What is 'scurvy'?


  Vitamin C deficiency
• What is 'rickets'?


  Vitamin D deficiency
• What are potential health risks of starvation?

  Fatigue and poor immune system
• What are potential health risks of obesity?

  Heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancers
• What are potential health risks of a vitamin C deficiency?

  Exhaustion, pain in limbs, loss of teeth
• What are potential health risks of a vitamin D deficiency?

  Weakness in bones
• During digestion, what happens in the mouth?


  Food is chewed and mixed with saliva
• What does the oesophagus do?


  Food passes down this tube to the stomach
• What happens in the stomach?

  Food is mixed with digestive juices and acids
• What happens in the small intestine?

  Digestive juices from liver and pancreas are added to complete digestion. Small molecules of nutrients pass through the intestine wall into the bloodstream.
• What happens in the large intestine?

  Water passes back into the body leaving waste called faeces.
• What happens in the rectum?

  Faeces are stored here until they leave the body
• What is the anus?

  A muscular ring through which faeces pass out of the body.
• What are faeces?


  Undigested, waste food.
• What is the test for starch?

  Add iodine, dark blue/black colour change.
• What is the test for lipids?

  Add ethanol. Turns cloudy.
• What is the test for sugar?

  Add Benedict's solution and heat. Turns orange-red.
• What is the test for protein?

  Add copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide. Turns purple.
• What is a catalyst?


  Something which speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up?
• What is an enzyme?

  A biological catalyst. It breaks up large nutrient molecules into smaller molecules which can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
• What does carbohydrase do?

  Breaks carbohydrates down into small sugar molecules